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Lesson 46　　 Business Culture

Topic Question: 　What are the key characteristics of Japanese business culture?

No. 1: 　Introduction –　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese business culture is renowned for its unique blend of traditional values and modern efficiency, creating a distinct corporate environment that prioritizes harmony, respect, and meticulousness. Key characteristics include the importance of hierarchy, where respect for seniority and authority shapes interactions and decision-making processes. Consensus-building, or “nemawashi,” is crucial for making decisions, ensuring that all parties are consulted and in agreement before moving forward. Another fundamental aspect is the emphasis on long-term relationships over short-term gains, fostering loyalty and trust among business partners. Punctuality, attention to detail, and a strong work ethic are also highly valued, reflecting the commitment to quality and reliability. Additionally, the practice of exchanging business cards, or “meishi,” with both hands, signifies respect and acknowledgment of the other party’s status.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Hierarchy (階層, kaisō): A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

“Understanding and respecting the hierarchy is essential in Japanese business culture.”

2. Consensus-building (合意形成, gōi keisei): The process of reaching a general agreement within a group.

“Nemawashi is a form of consensus-building that involves informal discussions before formal meetings.”

3. Punctuality (時間厳守, jikan gengshu): The act of being on time.

“Punctuality is considered a virtue in Japanese business, reflecting respect for others’ time.”

4. Meishi (名刺): Business cards exchanged in a formal manner as part of business protocol.

“Exchanging meishi at the beginning of a meeting is a critical ritual in Japanese business etiquette.”

5. Work ethic (職業倫理, shokugyō rinri): The principle that hard work is intrinsically virtuous or worthy of reward.

“The strong work ethic in Japan contributes to the high standards of professionalism and diligence.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“The nail that sticks out gets hammered down” (出る杭は打たれる) – This proverb emphasizes the value of conformity and harmony within Japanese society, including the business environment.

“In the context of Japanese business culture, this proverb reminds individuals to value group harmony over personal ambitions.”

“Adhering to this principle, employees often strive to work cohesively rather than standing out, which is reflective of the collective ethos.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these cultural characteristics influence the global perception of Japanese businesses? What challenges and advantages do they present in international business settings?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s discuss the impact of globalization on Japanese business culture. How are traditional practices adapting to the demands of a global market? Consider the integration of Western business practices, such as flexibility and individualism, with traditional Japanese values. Additionally, explore how Japanese companies maintain their cultural identity while expanding internationally. What lessons can global businesses learn from Japanese business culture, especially in terms of building long-term relationships and commitment to quality? How can businesses balance cultural adaptation with the preservation of their core values in a globa

Lesson 45 　　Bento

Topic Question: Can you explain the concept of “bento” and its importance in Japanese culture?

No. 1: Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Bento, a term deeply ingrained in Japanese culture, refers to a single-portion take-out or home-packed meal typically contained in a compact, sectional box. Beyond its practicality for meal organization, the bento encapsulates the Japanese aesthetic of balance and harmony in food presentation. It traditionally includes a combination of rice, fish or meat, and pickled or cooked vegetables. Bentos can range from simple homemade meals prepared for school or work to elaborately crafted boxes sold at restaurants and train stations. The practice of making bento can be seen as an act of care and thoughtfulness, often prepared by parents for their children or spouses for their partners. The artistic and culinary discipline involved in bento preparation reflects the broader Japanese values of attention to detail, aesthetic presentation, and mindfulness in daily life.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Sectional (区分けされた, kubunke sareta): Divided into sections; having parts that are clearly distinct.

“Bento boxes are sectional, allowing for a variety of dishes to be neatly arranged and transported.”

2. Aesthetic (美的, biteki): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

“The aesthetic presentation of bento boxes is as important as the food itself, embodying the harmony and balance valued in Japanese culture.”

3. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The combination of different aspects to form a consistent and orderly whole.

“Bento encourages dietary harmony, balancing colors, flavors, and nutritional content.”

4. Mindfulness (心をこめて, kokoro o komete): The quality or state of being conscious or aware of something.

“Preparing bento is an exercise in mindfulness, focusing on the needs and preferences of the person who will eat it.”

5. Craftsmanship (職人技, shokunin waza): Skill in a particular craft.

“The craftsmanship in creating kyaraben (character bento) showcases the creative talents of the maker.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“A labor of love” – This phrase describes a task done for pleasure, not reward.

“Creating a detailed bento for a loved one is often considered a labor of love, reflecting care and affection through food.”

“Each morning’s preparation of bento is a labor of love, demonstrating thoughtfulness in every carefully placed ingredient.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does the practice of preparing and consuming bento reflect broader societal values in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the evolution of bento in modern Japanese society. How have changes in work culture and technology influenced bento preparation and consumption? Discuss the role of convenience stores and bento shops in providing for the needs of the busy modern lifestyle. Additionally, consider the cultural exchange surrounding bento, such as its increasing popularity worldwide and how it has been adapted in other cultures. What does this global interest in bento reveal about the universal appeal of Japanese food culture? How do you see the tradition of bento evolving in the future?

Lesson 44 　　Fast Food Chains

Topic Question: 　What are some of the most popular Japanese fast food chains and what kind of foods do they serve?

No. 1: 　Introduction –　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, fast food goes beyond the international giants to include a variety of local chains that offer quick, delicious, and uniquely Japanese foods. These chains cater to a wide range of tastes, from traditional Japanese dishes to adapted Western-style meals. Some of the most popular Japanese fast food chains include Yoshinoya, known for its gyudon (beef bowl); Mos Burger, offering a unique take on hamburgers with a distinctly Japanese twist; and Tenya, famous for its tempura bowls. Additionally, chains like Sukiya and Matsuya also serve gyudon along with other quick, satisfying meals like curry rice and pork bowls. These fast food outlets are beloved for their affordability, speed, and the quality of food, providing a taste of Japanese culture in a casual, accessible format.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Gyudon (牛丼): A Japanese dish consisting of a bowl of rice topped with beef and onion simmered in a mildly sweet sauce.

“Yoshinoya’s gyudon is a popular choice for a quick and filling meal, embodying the essence of Japanese comfort food.”

2. Tempura (天ぷら): Japanese dish of seafood or vegetables that have been battered and deep fried.

“Tenya specializes in tempura bowls, offering crispy, light tempura atop steaming rice.”

3. Curry Rice (カレーライス): A widely popular dish in Japan, consisting of rice served with a thick curry sauce.

“Sukiya’s curry rice is a flavorful and hearty option, showcasing the Japanese adaptation of curry.”

4. Hamburgers (ハンバーガー): A sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.

“Mos Burger stands out for its innovative hamburgers, incorporating Japanese ingredients and flavors.”

5. Affordability (手頃な価格, tegorona kakaku): The quality of being cheap or inexpensive.

“The affordability of meals at these fast food chains makes them a popular choice among students and busy professionals alike.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Quick bite to eat” – This phrase refers to having a small or fast meal, usually with the implication of it being informal or on the go.

“Looking for a quick bite to eat, many people in Japan turn to fast food chains like Yoshinoya for a speedy and satisfying meal.”

“Mos Burger is a great place to grab a quick bite to eat, offering a delicious range of burgers with a unique Japanese twist.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do Japanese fast food chains reflect the culinary culture and preferences of Japan? What distinguishes them from international fast food brands?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the impact of Japanese fast food chains on global cuisine and their presence outside of Japan. How have these brands adapted their menus and practices for international audiences? Discuss the cultural exchange facilitated by the global expansion of Japanese fast food chains. Additionally, consider the role of fast food in modern Japanese society. How do these establishments balance the traditional aspects of Japanese cuisine with the demands of fast-paced, contemporary life? What innovations or trends are currently popular in the Japanese fast food industry, and how might they influence global food trends?

Lesson 43 　　Pets and Animals

Topic Question: 　How do Japanese people view pets and animals in society?

No. 1: 　 Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japanese society, pets and animals are often regarded with great affection and respect, reflecting a deep-rooted cultural appreciation for nature and life. Pets, particularly cats and dogs, are considered part of the family, receiving care and attention that mirrors that of human family members. This connection is exemplified in the popularity of pet-friendly accommodations, cafes, and even clothing lines designed specifically for animals. Additionally, Japan’s cultural and religious traditions, such as Shintoism, which emphasizes harmony with nature, contribute to the respectful and considerate treatment of wildlife and pets. Festivals celebrating animals, like the Neko no Hi (Cat Day), and the presence of animal motifs in art and folklore further illustrate the integral role animals play in Japanese culture. However, this deep affection also raises challenges, including pet abandonment and the need for responsible pet ownership education.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Affection (愛情, aijō): A gentle feeling of fondness or liking.

“Japanese people often show great affection towards their pets, treating them as family members.”

2. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole, especially in relationships with nature.

“The principle of living in harmony with nature is a key aspect of Japanese culture, influencing attitudes towards animals and pets.”

3. Festivals (祭り, matsuri): Public celebrations or gatherings that often have cultural or religious significance.

“Animal-themed festivals, such as Neko no Hi, highlight the cultural importance of pets and animals in Japan.”

4. Motifs (モチーフ, mochīfu): A decorative image or design, especially a repeated one forming a pattern.

“Animal motifs are prevalent in Japanese art, symbolizing various cultural values and beliefs.”

5. Responsible (責任がある, sekinin ga aru): Having an obligation to do something, or having control over or care for someone, as part of one’s job or role.

“Promoting responsible pet ownership is crucial in addressing issues like pet abandonment.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Man’s best friend” – This phrase is often used to describe dogs, highlighting their loyalty and companionship.

“In Japan, dogs are not only ‘man’s best friend’ but also cherished family members, celebrated through events and special care.”

“The concept of ‘man’s best friend’ extends beyond dogs, reflecting the deep bond Japanese people share with various pets.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does the cultural significance of animals in Japan compare to other countries? What can be done to address the challenges related to pets and animal welfare in society?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve into the evolving relationship between Japanese society and pets, considering the impact of urbanization and modern lifestyles. How do pet cafes, robotic pets, and pet-friendly policies in public spaces reflect changing attitudes and needs? Discuss the balance between traditional beliefs in the sanctity of life and the practicalities of pet ownership in contemporary Japan. Additionally, explore initiatives aimed at improving animal welfare and promoting responsible pet ownership. What lessons can other cultures learn from Japan’s approach to pets and animals in society?

Lesson 42 　Drinking and Socializing

Topic Question: What are the social norms surrounding drinking and socializing in Japan?

No. 1: 　Introduction– First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, drinking and socializing play significant roles in fostering relationships and facilitating communication. However, these activities are governed by a set of social norms that reflect the country’s culture of respect, hierarchy, and harmony. One of the fundamental norms involves the practice of pouring drinks for others, rather than for oneself, which symbolizes care and respect. It is also customary to wait until everyone’s drink is served and a toast, or “kampai,” is made before starting to drink. Additionally, paying attention to the needs of others, such as refilling empty glasses, is considered polite. The respect for hierarchy is evident in how younger people are expected to pour drinks for their elders or superiors. While drinking is an integral part of Japanese social life, there is an unspoken understanding that one should drink responsibly and not cause discomfort to others. These norms not only facilitate smoother social interactions but also reinforce social bonds and respect among individuals.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Hierarchy (階層, kaisō): A system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to relative status or authority.

“Understanding the hierarchy within a group is crucial when socializing and drinking in Japan.”

2. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole.

“Japanese social norms emphasize harmony, ensuring that everyone feels included and respected during social gatherings.”

3. Toast (乾杯, kanpai): A call to a gathering of people to raise their glasses and drink together in honor of a person or thing.

“Saying ‘kanpai’ together before drinking is a tradition that unites everyone at the table.”

4. Responsibly (責任を持って, sekinin o motte): In a way that shows or takes responsibility.

“Drinking responsibly is a valued aspect of socializing in Japan, with an emphasis on not overindulging.”

5. Discomfort (不快, fukai): A feeling of slight pain or physical or mental unease.

“It is important to drink in such a way that does not cause discomfort or inconvenience to others.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Mind your manners” – This phrase reminds people to be aware of and follow social rules or norms to ensure respectful interactions.

“In Japanese social and drinking settings, it’s essential to ‘mind your manners,’ showing respect through actions like pouring drinks for others.”

“Being mindful of your manners, especially in how you handle drinking, reflects well on you and your respect for Japanese culture.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these social norms around drinking and socializing reflect broader aspects of Japanese culture? What challenges might foreigners face when trying to navigate these norms?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s discuss the importance of social gatherings and drinking in professional settings in Japan. How do these norms facilitate networking and the building of work relationships? Consider how these practices may have adapted or changed in modern times, especially in more international or diverse workplace settings. Additionally, explore the balance between traditional norms and the need for personal boundaries and health considerations. How do individuals and society at large manage these dynamics? What can people from other cultures learn from Japanese socializing and drinking norms?

Lesson 41 　　Haiku　 (Japanese Poetry)

Topic Question: 　How is Japanese poetry, such as haiku, unique?

No. 1: 　Introduction– First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese poetry, particularly haiku, stands unique in the world of literature due to its brevity, structure, and depth. A traditional haiku consists of just three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable pattern, making it one of the shortest forms of poetry. Despite its concise form, a haiku often encapsulates the essence of a moment, particularly the beauty or subtlety of nature, and can evoke deep emotions and reflections. The use of kigo (seasonal words) and the cutting word, kireji, which provides a form of punctuation that enhances the poem’s emotional power, are also distinctive features. This poetic form values simplicity, natural beauty, and the expression of the impermanent nature of life, capturing fleeting moments with profound clarity and resonance.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Brevity (簡潔, kanketsu): Shortness of time or duration; briefness.

“The brevity of haiku poetry is what often challenges and fascinates poets and readers alike.”

2. Essence (本質, honshitsu): The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character.

“A haiku captures the essence of a moment in nature with precision and depth.”

3. Kigo (季語): A word or phrase associated with a particular season, used in Japanese poetry.

“Incorporating a kigo is essential in haiku to evoke the season and deepen the poem’s atmosphere.”

4. Kireji (切れ字): A ‘cutting word’ used in haiku and other forms of Japanese poetry as a form of punctuation that adds an emotional or rhetorical pause.

“The use of kireji in haiku creates a pause, giving the poem structure and enhancing its emotional impact.”

5. Impermanent (無常, mujō): Not lasting forever; temporary.

“Haiku often reflects on the impermanent nature of life, capturing fleeting moments with poignant imagery.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Less is more” – This phrase suggests that a minimalist approach can be more effective than something more elaborate.

“In the world of haiku, ‘less is more’ reigns supreme; a few well-chosen words convey complex emotions and scenes.”

“The simplicity and brevity of haiku demonstrate that ‘less is more,’ inviting readers to fill the gaps with their imagination.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What aspects of haiku do you find most appealing or challenging? How does haiku’s emphasis on nature and the present moment resonate with you?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s discuss the influence of haiku on global poetry and how it has been adapted or adopted in other cultures. Consider the challenges of translating haiku into other languages while maintaining its essence and form. How have modern poets innovated within the traditional structure of haiku to reflect contemporary themes or personal experiences? Additionally, explore how the principles of haiku can be applied to other forms of writing or artistic expression. What lessons can we learn from haiku’s focus on simplicity, nature, and the impermanence of life?

Lesson 40 　　Celebrating Obon

Topic Question: 　How do Japanese people celebrate Obon?

No. 1: 　Introduction– First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Obon is a traditional Japanese festival that honors the spirits of ancestors. It is celebrated in mid-August, though the exact dates can vary depending on the region. The festival is marked by the return of ancestral spirits to the world of the living. Japanese people celebrate Obon by cleaning their homes and visiting family graves to make offerings. Lanterns are hung in front of houses to guide the spirits, and a special dance known as Bon-Odori is performed in many communities. The highlight for many is the floating of lanterns on rivers or the sea, symbolizing the ancestral spirits’ return to the world of the dead. This ritual, known as Toro Nagashi, is a poignant reminder of the transient nature of life. Obon is a time for family reunions, reflection on the sacrifices of ancestors, and the expression of gratitude for their contributions to the present generation’s well-being.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Ancestors (先祖, senzo): Family members from past generations.

“During Obon, families pay respects to their ancestors, recognizing their continued importance in their lives.”

2. Offerings (供え物, sonaemono): Items given as a sign of respect or worship.

“People prepare food and flower offerings for their ancestors during Obon.”

3. Lanterns (提灯, chōchin): Light sources traditionally made from paper and bamboo.

“Lanterns are used to guide the spirits of the ancestors during Obon.”

4. Bon-Odori (盆踊り): A traditional dance performed during the Obon festival.

“The Bon-Odori dance is a communal way to honor ancestors and celebrate their presence.”

5. Transient (はかない, hakanai): Lasting only for a short time; impermanent.

“Toro Nagashi symbolizes the transient nature of life, with lanterns floating away in the water.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Light the way” – This phrase means to guide or show direction, often used metaphorically to suggest providing guidance or enlightenment.

“Lanterns during Obon ‘light the way’ for the spirits of the ancestors, guiding them back to their earthly homes.”

“The teachings and virtues of our ancestors ‘light the way’ for living generations, guiding us through life’s challenges.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do the various customs and rituals of Obon reflect the Japanese values of respect for the past and familial ties?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the significance of Obon in contemporary Japanese society. How do modern Japanese people balance traditional Obon practices with the demands of contemporary life? Discuss how Obon celebrations might differ in urban and rural areas. Additionally, consider how the festival fosters a sense of community and continuity among Japanese people. How is the tradition of Obon evolving, and what might its future look like in Japan and among the Japanese diaspora around the world?

Lesson 39 　　Rakugo and Kabuki

Topic Question: 　Can you explain the Japanese tradition of storytelling through “rakugo” and “kabuki”?

No. 1:　 Introduction– First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Rakugo and Kabuki represent two distinct but equally captivating forms of traditional Japanese storytelling. Rakugo, a form of comic monologue, relies on the skill of the storyteller to bring characters to life using only minimal props and changes in tone and pitch. The essence of rakugo is to entertain while providing a humorous perspective on human nature and societal norms. Kabuki, on the other hand, is a theatrical performance that combines drama, music, dance, and elaborate costumes and makeup to tell stories. Originating in the Edo period, Kabuki is known for its stylized performance and the unique way it portrays historical narratives, moral conflicts, and love stories. Both forms of art are deeply rooted in Japanese culture, reflecting the values, humor, and aesthetics of the society from which they emerged.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

1. Monologue (独演, dokuen): A long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program.

“A rakugo performance is essentially a monologue, where the storyteller plays multiple characters.”

2. Props (小道具, kodōgu): Articles or objects used on stage or screen to help enhance a performance.

“Despite rakugo storytellers using minimal props, such as a fan and a small cloth, they effectively bring their stories to life.”

3. Elaborate (精巧, seikō): Involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.

“Kabuki theatre is known for its elaborate costumes and makeup, which are integral to the storytelling.”

4. Stylized (様式化, yōshikika): Art that represents objects in an exaggerated way to emphasize certain aspects of the object.

“The stylized acting and visual elements of Kabuki make it a unique and captivating form of art.”

5. Aesthetics (美学, bigaku): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.

“Both rakugo and kabuki have their own unique aesthetics that reflect the cultural and historical context of their times.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A picture is worth a thousand words” (一画千言) – This idiom expresses that a complex idea can be conveyed with just a single image, or that an image can tell a story just as well as a large amount of descriptive text.

“In kabuki, the elaborate costumes and makeup serve as ‘a picture worth a thousand words,’ conveying characters’ roles and emotions instantaneously.”

“Similarly, the minimalistic setting of rakugo challenges the storyteller to paint vivid pictures with words, proving that ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’ in the imagination of the audience.”

No. 4:　　 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do rakugo and kabuki reflect changes in Japanese society over the centuries?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve into the evolution of rakugo and kabuki throughout Japanese history. How have these storytelling forms adapted to changing societal norms and technological advancements? Discuss the modern interpretations and presentations of rakugo and kabuki. How do they maintain their traditional essence while appealing to contemporary audiences? Additionally, consider the role of these storytelling traditions in educating and connecting people with Japanese culture and history. What do you think the future holds for rakugo and kabuki?

Lesson 38 　 Shinto

Topic Question: 　What is “shinto” and how does it manifest in daily life?

No. 1: Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Shinto, or the way of the gods, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and its people. It is characterized by the worship of kami, which are spirits associated with natural phenomena, ancestors, and historical figures. Shinto’s influence extends beyond religious practices into daily life, reflecting in rituals, festivals, and even in the respect for nature and cleanliness. Its practices are deeply integrated into the Japanese lifestyle, evident in the numerous shrines across Japan, traditional ceremonies, and the celebration of seasonal festivals. Shinto emphasizes harmony with nature and the community, impacting environmental attitudes and social behaviors. It is not just a religion but a way of living that cherishes the coexistence with the spiritual world.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Kami (神, kami): Spirits or gods in Shinto, associated with natural phenomena, ancestors, or historical figures.

“Many Japanese people visit shrines to pay respects to kami, seeking their blessings for prosperity and protection.”

2. Shrines (神社, jinja): The sacred places in Shinto for worshipping kami.

“The Ise Grand Shrine is one of the most significant and revered Shinto shrines in Japan, attracting millions of pilgrims annually.”

3. Rituals (儀式, gishiki): A set of actions performed mainly for their symbolic value, prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community.

“Traditional Shinto rituals often involve offerings, prayers, and dances to honor and appease the kami.”

4. Festivals (祭り, matsuri): Public celebrations or gatherings in Japan, often with religious significance in Shinto, celebrating the seasons, kami, or historical events.

“The Gion Matsuri, celebrated in Kyoto, is one of the most famous Shinto festivals, known for its elaborate floats and processions.”

5. Purity (清浄, seijō): The state of being physically and spiritually clean, an essential aspect of Shinto practices.

“Purification rituals are common in Shinto to cleanse the body and spirit before participating in ceremonies or entering sacred spaces.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“To live in harmony with nature” (自然との調和を生きる) – This phrase captures the essence of Shinto, emphasizing the importance of coexisting peacefully with the natural world and its spirits.

“Shinto teaches us to live in harmony with nature, respecting every mountain, river, and forest as the dwelling places of kami.”

“In daily life, this principle can be observed in the meticulous care Japanese people take of their surroundings, embodying a profound respect for nature.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does Shinto influence modern Japanese society, especially in the context of technology and urbanization?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further how Shinto’s emphasis on nature and purity is reflected in contemporary Japanese culture. Consider how traditional Shinto values coexist with the fast pace of modern life. How are festivals, rituals, and daily practices adapting to the modern world? Discuss the role of shrines in urban settings and how they serve as a connection to nature and tradition amidst city life. Additionally, contemplate the future of Shinto in preserving Japanese cultural identity and environmental consciousness.

Lesson 37　　 “Omiyage”

Topic Question：　Can you describe the Japanese practice of “omiyage”?

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　　

Omiyage, a deeply ingrained custom in Japanese culture, refers to the practice of buying gifts for family, friends, and colleagues upon returning from a trip. Unlike souvenirs intended for personal keepsakes, omiyage are meant to be shared, serving as a gesture of thoughtfulness and inclusivity. This tradition emphasizes the importance of social bonds and the value of sharing one’s travel experiences with others. Omiyage are typically local specialties or foods from the visited area, carefully selected to represent the region’s unique culture and flavors. The practice also reflects the Japanese principles of courtesy and respect, as giving omiyage helps maintain harmonious relationships and expresses gratitude for the recipient’s support or friendship.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Custom (慣習, kanshū): A traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time.

“Omiyage is a custom that underscores the importance of community and thoughtfulness in Japanese society.”

2. Gesture (身振り, miburi): A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.

“Giving omiyage is considered a gesture of goodwill, aiming to share the joy of one’s travels with others.”

3. Inclusivity (包括性, hōkatsusei): The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized.

“The practice of omiyage promotes inclusivity, ensuring that friends and colleagues feel acknowledged and appreciated.”

4. Courtesy (礼儀, reigi): The showing of politeness in one’s attitude and behavior toward others.

“Omiyage are given out of courtesy, to show respect and appreciation for others’ help and support.”

5. Harmonious (調和のとれた, chōwa no toreta): Free from disagreement or dissent; having a consistent, orderly, and pleasing arrangement of parts.

“The exchange of omiyage helps maintain harmonious relationships, symbolizing the giver’s consideration and respect.”

No. 3:　 Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“To show one’s appreciation” (感謝を示す): To make a gesture or take action to express gratitude towards someone.

“Bringing back omiyage from a trip is a common way to show one’s appreciation for colleagues’ hard work during one’s absence.”

“In Japanese culture, giving omiyage is not just about the gift itself, but a means to show one’s appreciation and maintain social ties.”

No. 4:　 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Reflecting on the sample answer, how do you think the tradition of omiyage contributes to the dynamics of personal and professional relationships in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the cultural significance and modern practices of omiyage. Discuss how this tradition affects travelers’ experiences and the local economies of popular tourist destinations. Additionally, consider how the choice of omiyage reflects personal relationships and social hierarchies. How has the practice of omiyage evolved with the advent of online shopping and global travel? Finally, explore the balance between tradition and innovation in omiyage, looking at how new trends and preferences are shaping this enduring custom.