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Lesson 10 　Famous Landmarks

Topic Question: “What is the most famous landmark in Japan that I should visit?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider the landmarks in Japan you’re familiar with. Which one stands out to you as a must-see for visitors?

▮　Sample Answer
“The most famous landmark in Japan is Mount Fuji. It’s beautiful and iconic. Many people climb it for the sunrise view. It represents Japan’s natural beauty and spiritual significance. Everyone should see it at least once.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Landmark (ランドマーク): A recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation.
2. Iconic (象徴的な): Recognized as a symbol.
3. Climb (登る): To ascend or go up.
4. Sunrise (日の出): The time in the morning when the sun appears or full daylight arrives.
5. Represents (表す): To be a symbol or embodiment of.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is the most famous landmark in Japan?
2. Why do many people climb Mount Fuji?
3. What does Mount Fuji represent?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

was/were

A:　am/is (present)→was (past):
I am tired. (now) 　　　　　　I was tired last night.
Where is Kate? (now)　　　　　　Where was Kate yesterday?
The weather is nice today.　　　The weather was nice last week.

are (present)→were (past):

You are late. (now)　　　　　　You were late yesterday.

They aren’t here. (now)　　　　They weren’t here last Sunday.

B: 　Positive / Negative / Question

When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
We were hungry after the trip, but we weren’t tired.

Was the weather nice when you were on vacation?
Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive?

C: 　Short answers
Was Ted at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was.
Were Sue and Steve at the party?” “No, they weren’t.

Example Sentences:
●　Mount Fuji was beautiful yesterday.
●　The cherry blossoms were in full bloom last spring, but they weren’t blooming when I visited.
●　Was the view from the top of Mount Fuji breathtaking?
●　Were the streets crowded during the festival?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 9　　Japanese Television Shows

Topic Question: “Do you watch any Japanese TV shows or variety shows? Which one do you recommend?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about Japanese TV shows or variety shows you know or have watched. What makes them unique or enjoyable?

▮　Sample Answer
“I watch a Japanese variety show called ‘Gaki no Tsukai’. It’s very funny and creative. The challenges and games make me laugh a lot. I recommend it to everyone who enjoys humor and fun competitions.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Variety show (バラエティショー): A TV program with a mix of comedy sketches, music performances, and other entertainments.
2. Challenges (挑戦): Tasks or problems that test a person’s abilities.
3. Games (ゲーム): Structured forms of play, often undertaken for entertainment.
4. Laugh (笑う): To make sounds with your voice, usually while smiling, because something is funny.
5. Competitions (競争): Events where people try to win by being the best, the fastest, etc.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What kind of Japanese TV show do you watch?
2. Why do you find ‘Gaki no Tsukai’ enjoyable?
3. Can you mention a specific segment or game from ‘Gaki no Tsukai’ that you found particularly funny?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I have.. . and I’ve got…

A: 　You can say I have or I’ve got, he has or he’s got:

B: 　I don’t have / I haven’t got, etc. (negative)

I have a bike, but I don’t have a car. or I’ve got a bike, but I haven’t got a car.
Mr. and Mrs. Harris don’t have any children. or … haven’t got any children.
It’s a nice house, but it doesn’t have a garage. or … it hasn’t got a garage.

C: 　Do you have … ? / Have you got ..? etc. (questions)

Do you have a camera? or Have you got a camera?
Does Helen have a car? or Has Helen got a car?
What kind of car does she have? or What kind of car has she got?

Example Sentences:
I have a favorite Japanese TV show. / I’ve got a favorite Japanese TV show.
I don’t have a preference for any particular genre. / I haven’t got a preference for any particular genre.
Do you have a Japanese TV show you like? / Have you got a Japanese TV show you like?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 8 　　Japanese book or author

Topic Question: Can you suggest a Japanese book or author I should read? What is the story about?

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about your favorite Japanese books or authors and the stories they have written. Consider why someone might find these stories interesting or important.

▮ Sample Answer
“I recommend ‘Kokoro’ by Natsume Soseki. It’s a deep story about friendship, loneliness, and the generation gap in Japan. It shows complex emotions and Japanese culture.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Recommend (お勧めする): To suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular purpose or job.
2. Friendship (友情): The emotions or conduct of friends; the state of being friends.
3. Loneliness (孤独): Sadness because one has no friends or company.
4. Generation gap (世代間の隔たり): Differences of outlook or opinion between people of different generations.
5. Complex (複雑な): Consisting of many different and connected parts.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What book does the student recommend?
2. What themes does “Kokoro” explore?
3. Can you name some emotions or concepts that are important in “Kokoro”?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Do you… ? (simple present questions)

I am doing (present continuous) and

I do (simple present)

A: 　Jack is watching television.

He is not playing the guitar.

Is he playing the guitar? 　　　No, he isn’t.

Does he play the guitar? 　　　Yes, he does.

B:　Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time of speaking:

Tom is taking a shower at the moment. (not Tom takes)

C: 　Simple present (I do) = in general, all the time, or sometimes:

I work every day from 9:00 to 5:30.

Tom takes a shower every morning.

It rains a lot in the winter.

I don’t watch television very often.

What do you usually do on weekends?

D: 　We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):

like prefer love hate want need know mean understand believe remember forget .

Use only the simple present with these verbs (I want/ do you like?, etc.):



Example Sentences:

A: Do you read Japanese books?

B: Does she understand the story’s themes?

C: Do we always find the generation gap in stories?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

アメリカ人が毎日使うスラング・イディオムを学ぶ！

ネイティブのように話せるようになるのも

“in no time”（あっという間）！

ネイティブのリアル英語  raring to go  今か今かと待ち切れない

「 今か今かと待ち切れない」って英語ではどう言うんでしょうか？

アメリカでは　　”raring to go” といいます。

raringは形容詞rareが由来ではなく、自動詞rear(up)「（馬などが)後ろ足で立つ」

の現在進行形から来ていると言われています。

フェラーリのエンブレムのように、「馬が前足を地上から上げ、後ろ足だけで立っている状態、

やる気満々」などの状態を表現しています。

●　例文 1

I’m raring to go!

もう行きたくてうずうずしているよ

●　例文 2

The children are raring to go play

子供たちは外へ出て遊びたくてうずうずしているよ

「raring to go  今か今かと待ち切れない」習得・攻略

ネイティブのリアル 英語：

I know you feel blah right now but after a good night’s sleep, I’m sure you’ll be raring to go!

学校で教わる英語：

I know you feel blah right now but after a good night’s sleep, I’m sure you’ll be energetic!

ネイティブのリアル発音:

I know ya feel blah right now bud after a good night’s sleep, I’m sher you’ll be rarin’ da go!

Raring を使ったその他のイディオム

これらのイディオムは、主に「やる気満々である」や「始めるのを待ちきれない」という状態を表現するのに使われます。

●　Raring for a chance
She’s been training hard and is raring for a chance to compete in the nationals.
彼女は懸命にトレーニングを積んでおり、全国大会で競うチャンスをうかがっています。

●　Raring to start
The team was raring to start after the pep talk from their coach.
コーチからの激励トークの後、チームは始めるのを待ちきれませんでした。

●　Raring for a fight
Despite the odds, the underdog was raring for a fight.
見込みが薄いにもかかわらず、その下馬評の低い選手は戦う気満々でした。

●　Raring to make a difference
Newly graduated, she was raring to make a difference in the world of renewable energy.
新卒で、彼女は再生可能エネルギーの世界で違いを生み出すことに意欲的でした。

同義表現

to be energetic (and ready to seize the moment).

Lesson 7 　　Fashion trends

Topic Question: “Are there any Japanese fashion trends or styles you find interesting?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Reflect on Japanese fashion trends or styles that capture your interest. Consider what makes these trends appealing or unique to you.

▮ Sample Answer

“Yes, I find Harajuku style very interesting. It’s colorful and creative, combining traditional and modern elements. People wear unique outfits, mixing patterns and accessories. It doesn’t follow the usual fashion rules, which makes it stand out. Harajuku represents freedom in fashion, allowing everyone to express their personality.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Colorful (カラフルな): Having bright colors or a lot of different colors.
2. Creative (創造的な): Relating to or involving the use of the imagination or original ideas.
3. Traditional (伝統的な): Existing in or as part of a tradition; long-established.
4. Modern (現代的な): Relating to the present or recent times.
5. Accessories (アクセサリー): Items added to something else to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive.
6. Express (表現する): To show, manifest, or reveal.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is Harajuku style like?
2. How does Harajuku style differ from usual fashion trends?
3. What does Harajuku style represent in terms of fashion expression?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I don’t… (simple present negative)

A: The simple present negative is don’t/doesn’t + verb:

“I don’t follow mainstream fashion trends.”
“She doesn’t dress like everyone else.”

B: I/we/you/they don’t… he/she/it doesn’t…

“We don’t just wear clothes; we express our individuality.”
“It doesn’t require a lot of money to be fashionable in this style.”

C: We use don’t/doesn’t + base form (don’t like / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do, etc.):

“I don’t mix patterns often, but Harajuku style encourages it.”
“He doesn’t usually wear bright colors, but he enjoys Harajuku fashion.”

Example Sentences:

“I don’t limit myself to one fashion style.”
“She doesn’t shy away from bold accessories.”
“They don’t ignore traditional elements in their outfits.”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 6　　 Japanese Festivals

Topic Question: “What is your favorite Japanese festival, and what happens during the festival?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about a Japanese festival that you particularly enjoy. Describe what makes this festival your favorite and detail the activities and events that occur during it.

▮ Sample Answer

“My favorite Japanese festival is the Gion Matsuri in Kyoto. It happens in July. Beautiful floats are paraded through the streets. People wear traditional yukatas and enjoy street food. There are music and dance performances. It’s fun because it brings everyone together and celebrates Japanese culture and history.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Floats (山車): Platforms with wheels, used in parades, displaying elaborate decorations.
2. Traditional (伝統的な): Relating to or based on old customs and ideas.
3. Yukatas (浴衣): A casual summer kimono usually made of cotton.
4. Street food (ストリートフード): Ready-to-eat food sold by a vendor in a street or other public place.
5. Celebrates (祝う): To acknowledge a significant or happy day or event with festivities.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is the Gion Matsuri, and when does it happen?
2. What are some activities that take place during the Gion Matsuri?
3. Why do you think the Gion Matsuri is fun?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I do/work/like, etc. (simple present)

A: They read / he likes / I work, etc. = the simple present:

“The festival attracts thousands of visitors.”
“He enjoys watching the parades.”
“I look forward to it every year.”

B: We use the simple present for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the time:

“The Gion Matsuri showcases traditional Japanese culture.”
“Families often gather to watch the fireworks.”

C: Always / never / often / usually / sometimes + simple present

“The floats always look magnificent.”
“Street vendors usually sell delicious food.”
“People sometimes wear special outfits for the occasion.”

Example Sentences:

“Visitors always enjoy the vibrant atmosphere.”
“The parade never fails to impress the crowd.”
“Families often meet up to enjoy the festivities together.”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 5　　 Video Games

Topic Question: “What Japanese video game do you enjoy playing, and what makes it fun?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider a Japanese video game that you find enjoyable. Think about the elements of the game that make it entertaining for you.

▮ Sample Answer

“I enjoy playing ‘The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.’ It’s fun because of the open world you can explore. There are so many puzzles and challenges. The graphics are beautiful, and the story is engaging. It feels like a real adventure.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Open world (オープンワールド): A type of video game design where a player can freely explore the world.
2. Puzzles (パズル): Games, problems, or toys that test a person’s ingenuity or knowledge.
3. Challenges (挑戦): Tasks or situations that test someone’s abilities.
4. Graphics (グラフィックス): Visual components of a game.
5. Engaging (魅力的な): Attractive or pleasing in a way that holds attention.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is the title of the game you enjoy?
2. Why do you find ‘Breath of the Wild’ fun to play?
3. What aspects of the game make it feel like a real adventure?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

are you doing? (present continuous questions)

A: Positive / Question

Positive: “You are playing a Japanese video game.”
Question: “Are you playing a Japanese video game?”

B: is/are + subject + -ing

“Is she exploring the open world?”
“Are they solving puzzles in the game?”

C: Short answers

Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

Example Sentences:

Question: “Are you enjoying the game?”
Short answer: “Yes, I am.”
Question: “Is your friend watching you play?”
Short answer: “No, he isn’t.”
Question: “Are they completing a challenge right now?”
Short answer: “Yes, they are.”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 4 　　J-Pop artist or band

Topic Question: “Who is your favorite J-Pop artist or band, and what song do you recommend?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about your favorite J-Pop artist or band. What makes them stand out? Consider a song of theirs that you would recommend and why.

▮ Sample Answer

“My favorite J-Pop artist is Hikaru Utada. I recommend the song ‘First Love.’ It is very emotional and has beautiful lyrics. Utada’s voice is amazing. This song shows the power of first love and its impact on us.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Emotional (感情的な): Relating to one’s emotions.
2. Lyrics (歌詞): The words of a song.
3. Amazing (素晴らしい): Causing great surprise or wonder.
4. Power (力): The ability to do something or act in a particular way.
5. Impact (影響): The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Why do you like Hikaru Utada?
2. What is special about the song ‘First Love’?
3. How does Utada’s voice contribute to the song?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I am doing (present continuous)

A: am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing, etc.

“I am listening to J-Pop music.”
“She is singing a song.”
“They are performing on stage.”

B: Am/is/are + -ing = something is happening now.

Is happening: “The concert is happening right now.”
Am listening: “I am listening to ‘First Love’ by Hikaru Utada.”
Are performing: “They are performing at the music festival.”

Example Sentences:

“I am watching a music video.”
“He is playing the guitar.”
“We are enjoying the concert.”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 1 　　Anime

Topic Question: How has anime influenced global pop culture, and what are some must-watch series?

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about your experiences with anime and its impact on global culture. Consider how anime has become popular in your country and abroad.

▮ Sample Answer

“Anime has changed global pop culture. It brings new stories and art styles. Series like ‘Naruto’, ‘Dragon Ball’, and ‘Sailor Moon’ are famous worldwide. They inspire many fans.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Global (グローバル): Worldwide, all over the world.
2. Pop culture (ポップカルチャー): Modern popular culture transmitted via mass media.
3. Brings (もたらす): Causes something to happen or to be available.
4. Famous (有名な): Well-known.
5. Inspire (刺激する): To motivate or encourage someone.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. How has anime changed global pop culture?
2. Can you name some anime series that are famous worldwide?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

• The 5 Sentence Patterns: SV, SVC, SVO

SV (Subject-Verb): “Anime influences.”
SVC (Subject-Verb-Complement): “Anime is popular.”
SVO (Subject-Verb-Object): “Anime inspires fans.”

Example Sentences:

SV: “Sailor Moon shines.”
SVC: “This series is inspiring.”
SVO: “Fans love Naruto.”

Make Sentences based on above Example Sentence Yourself

Lesson 3　　 Kabuki or Noh

Topic Question: “Have you ever seen a Kabuki or Noh performance? What was it like?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Reflect on whether you have seen a Kabuki or Noh performance. Consider the unique aspects of these traditional Japanese theater arts.

▮ Sample Answer

“I have seen a Kabuki performance. It was very colorful and dramatic. The actors wore amazing costumes and masks. The music and dance were unique. It was a beautiful part of Japanese culture.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Colorful (カラフル): Full of colors.
2. Dramatic (劇的な): Exciting and impressive.
3. Costumes (衣装): Clothes worn by actors.
4. Masks (仮面): Coverings for the face.
5. Unique (ユニーク): Being the only one of its kind.
6. Culture (文化): The ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What are some characteristics of a Kabuki performance?
2. How were the costumes and masks in the Kabuki performance?
3. Why is Kabuki considered a beautiful part of Japanese culture?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

am / is / are (questions)

A: Positive / Question

Positive: “The performance is dramatic.”
Question: “Is the performance dramatic?”

B: Where…? / What…? / Who…? / How…? / Why…?

Where is the Kabuki theater?
What makes the performance unique?
Who performs in Kabuki?
How do actors express emotions?
Why do people watch Kabuki?

Example Sentences:

Where: “Where are traditional performances held?”
What: “What is the main theme of the performance?”
Who: “Who are the main characters in Kabuki?”
How: “How do actors train for Kabuki?”
Why: “Why is Kabuki important to Japanese culture?”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself: