┃ Pronunciation Pairs Second Edition
( 全 50レッスン ）
初級上から中級レベルの学習者を対象とする、発音のテキストとして好評のPronunciation Pairsの第2版です。 音と綴りの対応やイントネーション、ストレスはもちろん、英語の音声全般を扱っています。ミニマルペア、対話文、ゲーム、パズル、会話文などを使った豊富なアクティビティを収録しています。
通じやすい発音のコツを知りたい方、流暢さを身に付けたい方、リスニング能力を伸ばしたい方など、英会話に興味がおありならばどなたでもご参加いただけます。
レッスンの詳細はこちら
┃ Pronunciation Pairs Second Edition
( 全 50レッスン ）
こちらのレッスンは、「ポイントプラン」又は「月額制プラン」で受講いただけます。
▮ レッスンの特徴
初級上から中級レベルの学習者を対象とする、発音のテキストとして好評のPronunciation Pairsの第2版です。 音と綴りの対応やイントネーション、ストレスはもちろん、英語の音声全般を扱っています。ミニマルペア、対話文、ゲーム、パズル、会話文などを使った豊富なアクティビティを収録しています。
通じやすい発音のコツを知りたい方、流暢さを身に付けたい方、リスニング能力を伸ばしたい方など、英会話に興味がおありならばどなたでもご参加いただけます。
Contents & サンプル教材
使用テキスト：Pronunciation Pairs Second Edition(Cambridge University Press)
テキストは市販教材になります。レッスンでは講師が共有画面でお見せいたしますが、予習復習で必要な場合は受講者ご自身でご用意ください。
使用テキストAmerican Accent Trainingを使ったレッスンの詳細はこちら
┃American Accent Training 3rd Edition又は4th Edition
（全 50レッスン ）
注：レッスン数は目安です。 受講者の進行状況で変わることがございます。
こちらのレッスンは、「ポイントプラン」又は「月額制プラン」で受講いただけます。
▮ レッスンの特徴
American Accent Trainingでは、ただ発音を練習するだけではなく、アメリカ人にとって聞き取りやすい発音を習得することができます。
日本人が無理にネイティブの発音をまねようとしても逆に聞き取りにくくなってしまったり、ネイティブに理解されなくなってしまったりということはよくあります。
当レッスンではそんな間違った発音の覚え方を見なおし、ネイティブと同じ発音を身に付けていくことができます。
Contents (目次） 50レッスン
注：レッスン数は目安です。 受講者の進行状況で変わることがございます。
使用テキスト：American Accent Training 3rd or 4th Edition （ BARRON’S)
使用テキストPronunciation Pairsを使ったレッスンの詳細はこちら
Introduction: Read This First
Preliminary Diagnostic Analysis
Chapter 1 The American Sound
Voice Quality
Intonation and Attitude
Chapter 2 Psycholinguistics
Chapter 3 General Pronunciation
Chapter 4 American Intonation
Chapter 5 Syllable Stress
Chapter 6 Complex lntonation
Two-Word Phrases
Chapter 7 Phrasing
Chapter 8 The Miracle Technique
Chapter 9 Grammar in a Nutshell
Chapter 10 Reduced Sounds
Chapter 11 Word Connections
Chapter 12 Cat? Caught? Cut?
Chapter 13 Tee Aitch
Chapter 14 The American T
Chapter 15 The American R
Chapter 16 The El
Chapter 17 S or Z?
Mid-Point Diagnostic Analysis
Chapters 1-17 Review and Expansion
Chapter 18 More Reduced Sounds
Chapter 19 “V” as in Victory
Chapter 20 Tense and Lax Vowels
Chapter 21 The Ridge
Chapter 22 Grammar in a Bigger Nutshell
Chapter 23 Practical Application
Chapter 24 Nasal Consonants
Chapter 25 Throaty Consonants
サンプル教材
TOEFL ライティング Independent Task の解答時間は30分です。
5分でエッセイの構成を計画、20分でエッセイを書き、残り5分で見直し
といった時間配分を心がけてください。
ここでは、ポイントアップに欠かせない「見直しー 適切な単語・表現の使い方」
について説明していきます
Independent taskではアカデミックなエッセイが求められます。
自分か書いたエッセイで使われてる語彙や表現に会話調や、くだけたものが
使われていたら減点対象です。 より、フォーマルで適切な表現に修正することで
スコアーアップをしてください。
▮ Word Choice 適切な単語・表現の使い方
エッセイを読みやすく、効果的に伝えるためには、適切な単語や表現を使う必要があります。
TOEFLライティングが求めるアカデミックなエッセイでは、スラングやくだけた
ボキャブラリーを避けて、親しみのある適切な言葉の選択をしてください。
┃ 適切な単語・表現の練習
不適切：
Parents have to get kids food and other stuff.
適切 ：
Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.
不適切：
Join a hobby club helping you make new friends.
適切：
Joining a hobby club will help you make new friends.
不適切：
People driving more careful the children are walking to school.
適切：
People should drive more carefully when children are walking to school.
不適切：
I’m gonna go for a job in broadcast communications.
適切：
I am going to look for a job in broadcast communications.
不適切：
Competitive sports are totally cool.
適切：
Competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
不適切：
I’m exciting about my decision apply to film school.
適切：
I am excited about my decision to apply to film school.
不適切：
I no like crazy idea.
適切：
I do not like strange or confusing ideas.
アメリカ人が毎日使うスラング・イディオムを学ぶ！
ネイティブのように話せるようになるのも”in no time”（あっという間）！
ネイティブのリアル英語 layover (乗り継ぎの)時間待ち
飛行機の旅でアメリカ人はlayoverという言葉をよく使います。
これは「乗り継ぎの間の待ち時間」という意味です。
あなたなら、フライトを乗り継ぐときの待ち時間をどう過ごしますか？
空港によっては、ジムやヨガでエクササイズができたり、地元の有名なレストランや
バーがあったりして、案外楽しく時間を使うことができます。
また、あえて乗り継ぎ便を選ぶことで飛行機代が安くなります。
layoverには「途中下車、待ち合わせ」という意味もあります。
日本では電車に当てはめることもできます。
普通、快速、急行、特急などが線路を共有している場合、より早い電
車がどこかの駅で追い抜くことがありますよね。その時、遅いほうが
「待ち合わせのためにしばらく停車する時間」をlayoverやstopover
で表すことができます。
また、「乗り継ぎ便」のことをconnecting flightと言います。もしくはtransit/transfer flight
とも言いますので、覚えておいてください。
● a connecting flight
乗り継ぎ便
● Transfer passengers
乗り継ぎの乗客
● I am in transit here.
ここで、乗り継ぎをします。
例文１
Where would you go during a layover in Tokyo
東京での乗り継ぎ間、どこに行きますか？
例文２
I don’t mind changing the airplanes, but I do mind a long layover at the airport.
飛行機を乗り換えるのは構わないけど、長い乗り継ぎ待ちがいやだよ。
「 layover (乗り継ぎの）時間待ち 」 習得・攻略
On our way to Paris, we had a three-hour layover in Amsterdam.
On our way to Paris, we had a three-hour stop in Amsterdam.
On ’ar way da Paris, we had a three-hour layover ’n Amsterdam.
同義語、類義語
a stop in one or more cities when traveling by air.
マイチューター 「TOEFL スピーキング Perfect Master (Advance)」 カリキュラムでは、
Question 4 対策として、やや難易度の高い様々なトピックを使い、
以下の流れで効果的、実践的な練習を繰り返し、スコアアップへ導きます。
目標スコアー 100点（Speakingセクション 25点）を目指す受講者に適した
カリキュラムになっています。
学習ステップ
ステップ 1 リーディング アカデミックなテーマについての短い課題文を読む
↓
ステップ 2 チェックテスト リーディング内容の理解度をチェックするための質問に解答します。
↓
ステップ 3 リスニング 関連する講義を聞き概要をメモします。
↓
ステップ 4 解答の構成 試験同様の質問に対し、解答へ導くため用された
５つの質問に解答します。
↓
ステップ 5 解答作成 5つの解答を基に解答を作ります。
↓
ステップ ６ スピーキング 時間を計りながら、何も見ずに回答を述べます。
↓
ステップ 7 比較と復習 模範解答を聞いて、自分の解答と比較します。
↓
ステップ 8 自己採点 毎回自己採点を記録してください
▮ Read
STEP 1 | Reading 読解| Read the following an academic subject.
Creative Categorization
Marketing experts do their utmost to induce customers to purchase their products. Often, when faced with a product that, for whatever reason, does not appeal to a large segment of the population,marketers merely change the category it is in. This process is called creative categorization. By doing this, marketers can increase the appeal of a product. The two most common methods of creative categorization are to change the cost or design of a product. By doing so, products may go from being ones purchased by a small number of people to ones with mass appeal.
STEP 2 | Comprehending 読解力テスト | Answer the following questions to make sure you understand the reading
1. What do marketers attempt to do?
2 What do some marketers do when their products do not appeal to many people?
3 What is creative categorization?
4 What are the two most common ways marketers use creative categorization?
5 According to the passage, what is often the end result of creative categorization?
1 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
5 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
Comprehending 解答例
1. Marketers attempt to get people to buy their products.
2. Marketers change the category of their products in these cases.
3. Creative categorization is making a product more appealing by changing the category in which it is included.
4. Marketers often alter either the price of design of a product to change its category.
5. The end result of creative categorization is that the product often develops mass appeal.
▮ Listen
STEP 3 | Listening & Note Taking | Listen to a lecture about the same topic, and take notes.
スクリプト
Imagine you’re a marketing executive and you have some products to sell. There may even be a huge section of society which doesn’t purchase your products. Well, there are a couple of ways to break into that market.You might try changing the price of your product. Did you know, for example, that watches were once regarded as expensive pieces of jewelry? Timepieces used to cost too much for most people. But most of you have watches, right? What happened? Well, one brilliant marketer started touting watches as fashion accessories. Sales of watches leaped dramatically. You can get watches for less than ten dollars nowadays, and they come in all kinds of styles. By changing the category into which watches fell, they began appealing to a greater number of people. Here’s another. Think about cell phones. At first, their use was limited, and only rich people or businessmen used them. However, companies began marketing them to the masses. Now you’ve got kids and grandparents with cell phones these days. Does a six-year-old kid need a phone? Not at all. But marketers have made it so that phones are no longer outrageously expensive. Likewise, they aren’t considered tools only for the rich or for businessmen anymore. They’re fashion devices now, almost like accessories for many people.
Note－Taking メモ取り
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
● 質問 Question
The professor describes how two different products began to appeal to a greater number of people. Explain how they are related to creative categorization.
STEP 4 | Organizing 解答の組み立て | Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.
1 What does the professor say about a problem marketing executives may have?
2 According to the professor, what used to be true about watches?
3 How have people’s perceptions of watches changed today?
4 At first, who used to use cell phones?
5 What is true about cell phone usage today?
1 ___________________________________________
2 _________________________________________
3 _______________________________________________
4 _______________________________________
5 _______________________________________________
解答例
1. According to the professor, people often need an explanation when they do not understand something
2. The professor wanted to save some numbers on his cell phone but did not know how.
3. The professor’s friend showed him how to save numbers on his phone step by step.
4. The show .talked about cell phones; however, ultimately, the professor still had no idea how to use his phone.
5. He knew the theory behind how cell phones work but could not put it into practice.
STEP 5 | Response 解答作成| Make your response using the above information.
The subject of the talk is ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________
The professor states that ____________________________________
____________________ The second example given is__________ ___
As described in the reading, ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
▮ Speak
STEP 6 | Speaking 解答| Now say your response out loud, and record your time. While you are speaking, do not look at the written response.
Response time 45 seconds Your speaking time seconds
STEP 7 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
Sample Response 模範解答
The subject of the talk is how marketing executives can transform a product with low appeal to one that has mass appeal. The professor states that watches actually used to be very expensive and were considered jewelry. However, this changed when marketers began promoting them as fashion accessories, so now they’re both cheap and prevalent. The second example given is that of cell phones. The professor declares that they were once expensive and used exclusively by rich people and businessmen. However, once companies began marketing them to the masses, now even young children and the elderly have them, often as fashion accessories. As described in the reading, these are both examples of creative categorization. The reading mentions that this is putting an existing product into a new category, often by changing its price or design, in order to make it attractive to more people.
STEP 8 自己採点
Delivery
1 How clearly did you speak your response?
Language Use
2 How well did you control language structures to convey your ideas?
3 How appropriately did you use vocabulary to convey your ideas?
Topic Development
4 How fully did you answer the question?
5 How coherently did you present your ideas?
TOEFL ライティング Independent Task の解答時間は30分です。
5分でエッセイの構成を計画、20分でエッセイを書き、残り5分で見直し
といった時間配分を心がけてください。
ここでは、ポイントアップに欠かせない「見直しー 変化・多様性のある短いセンテンス」
について説明していきます
Independent taskでは以下の見直しをすることで、読みやすく、興味深い効果的な
エッセイとなります。
☑ 変化・多様性のある短いセンテンスと長いセンテンスを使っているか
☑ フォーマルなエッセイに相応しくない用語が使われていないか
☑ 文法・ボキャブラリーに間違いはないか
▮ 変化・多様性のあるセンテンス
良いエッセイは変化・多様性のある短いセンテンスと長いセンテンスが使われています。
センテンスの中に複数の「節 clause」がある場合は、その節には
conjunction(接続詞),subordinator(従属),conjuctive adverb(接続副詞）
が正しく使われていなければなりません。
● Conjunctions (接続詞)
and but or so yet
● Subordinators (従属)
although if since unless where
because just as though when while
● conjuctive adverbs (接続副詞）
as a result furthermore in addition moreover therefore
consequently however instead similarly thus
それでは短いセンテンスを1つの長いセンテンスにする方法を見ていきます
短いセンテンス：
Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus.
長いセンテンス：
Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but l prefer the convenience of living on campus.
短いセンテンス：
Teachers are important for motivating children. Parents are even more important.
長いセンテンス
Although teachers are important for motivating children, parents are even more important.
短いセンテンス：
Athletes are such great entertainers. People like to watch athletes play.
長いセンテンス：
Since athletes are such great entertainers, people like to watch them play.
短いセンテンス：
Children should grow up in the country. Children can experience nature.
長いセンテンス：
Children should grow up in the country, where they can experience nature.
短いセンテンス：
You are always comfortable. You will never have to struggle. You will not learn much about life.
長いセンテンス：
If you are always comfortable, you will never have to struggle; as a result, you will not learn much about life.
短いセンテンス：
Students are responsible for their own learning. Students should be self-motivated.
長いセンテンス：
Students are responsible for their own learning, so they should be self-motivated.
短いセンテンス：
Because students are responsible for their own learning, they should be self-motivated.
長いセンテンス：
Students are responsible for their own learning; therefore, they should be self-motivated.
短いセンテンス：
Some people like living in a rural area. I prefer the urban lifestyle.
長いセンテンス：
Some people like living in a rural area, but I prefer the urban lifestyle.
短いセンテンス：
While some people like living in a rural area, I prefer the urban lifestyle.
長いセンテンス：
Some people like living in a rural area; however, I prefer the urban lifestyle.
将来、英語圏で働くことを計画する医師や医療専門家に必要な医療テキストを読む語彙力を高め、患者や同僚と有効かつ正確に英語でコミュニケーションをはかる能力を養います。
主な受講対象者：医師、看護師、医療関連職者、医学生（中級～上級レベル）
市販教材：Oxford English for Careers Medicine 1 (2) Student Book
レッスン中は共有画面でテキストをご覧いただくことはできますが、予習復習で
必要の際は ネット通販などでお買い求めください
Contents （Medicine 1）
＝ 12ユニット 48レッスン/25分 ＝
サンプル教材
トピックセンテンスを効果的に裏付けるには、サポートセンテンスで、
詳細情報や具体例を提示する必要があります。
つまり、「なぜ（トピックセンテンスで）そう主張するのか」という
理由を明確に述べなくてはなりません。
そのために、「なぜなら」、「さらに」、「例えば」などの転換語(transition)を使って展開します。
文と文を結びつけるのが転換語であり、TOEFLエッセイでは、転換語は
採点基準の１つである「coherence 首尾一貫性」を保つ役割をします。
それでは、以下のトピックとそれに対するエッセイの中で転換語(transition)の役割を
（順序、追加、結果、対比、例証）を確認していきます。
トピック（質問）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The things we learn from our friends are more important than what we learn from our family.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
エッセイ（回答） 転換語（Transition)に注目！
When I think about the lessons I have learned in my life, I find many similarities in what I learned from my friends and from my family. There are also differences. Both kinds of lessons have been very important to me. However, when I consider them carefully, I know that the lessons from my family are more important.
While my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me to be strong. My friends have taught me how to feel independent. They have encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in life. On the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a very different way. When I was a child, she gave me advice such as “Fight your own battles.” She said that so I would be strong because she could not always protect me. Sometimes this was very difficult for me when I wanted my mother to help me, even though I knew her advice was important.
Furthermore, my family has taught me compassion and forgiveness. My younger brother taught me these qualities. I will never forget that once I was cruel to him because I was angry. My brother was afraid of the dark, but I turned off
the lights to scare him. He was only six years old, and he was afraid and cried.
But later he asked me to read a book to him until he fell asleep. It was his way
to forgive me. I can never forget how my little brother taught me how to forgive.
I believe that our family teaches us the most important things because the lessons from family last longer. My family has taught me to be independent and strong, and this will help me during my whole life. Moreover, they have taught me how to forgive, which is necessary for getting along with other people. In short, the lessons from my family were not always enjoyable, yet they are deeper in my heart.
以下のトピックについて賛成か反対かを決定し、実際にエッセイを書いてみましょう。
自分で書いたエッセイを自己採点するための質問に答えてください。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best things in the life do not cost money .
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
あなたが書いたエッセイを読み、以下の質問に答えてみましょう。
１．トピック（質問）はいくつのPartsから成りますか？ それぞれのPartは何をたずねていますか？
２．あなたのエッセイは質問の全てのPartsに答えていますか？
３．エッセイの構成はどのようになっていますか？
４．イントロダクションでどのように述べていますか？
５．エッセイのthesis又は主題はどのように述べていますか？
６．イントロダクションでのthesisをどのようにサポートしていますか？
７．各Bodyパラグラフのトピックセンテンスは何ですか？
８．7の根拠となる理由、詳細情報や具体例はどのように述べていますか？
それらの目的は何ですか？
９．結論としてどのように述べていますか？
１０．エッセイはトピックとタスクを効果的に述べられていますか？
解答例
Many of our favorite activities require us to spend money. Some important things in life, such as getting a good education and buying a home, cost a lot of money. However, it does not cost money to experience the best things in life: enjoying nature and being with our friends and family.
We can relax and enjoy the beauty of nature without spending money. Walking in the park, looking at the colorful leaves, and watching the snow falling are good ways to relax. Listening to the beautiful songs of birds does not cost money, but it can make us feel peaceful. Also, we can enjoy nature by having a garden. When I was a child, I helped
my grandmother in her vegetable garden. We pulled up carrots and ate them, and we watched the butterflies and birds. I have many beautiful memories of sunshine and happiness in my grandmother’s garden.
It does not cost money to spend time with our friends and family. We can visit friends and have a good time by talking and laughing. Sometimes we need a little money to go to a movie. However, our time together is more important than the money that we spend. We can do a lot of things that are free. For example, we can go to the library. When I was little, I used to walk to the library with my mother and sister every week to borrow books. When we got home, we sat on the porch and read to each other. Many of our best memories result from these simple things.
Money is necessary in our lives, but having a lot of money does not always lead to happiness. The most important things in life do not require a lot of money. If we learn to enjoy simple things, we will have many wonderful memories, and our memories are entirely free.
質問への解答例
初めのpartは、トピックに賛成か反対かを述べることです。
2つ目は主張を裏付ける理由や具体例を述べることです。
2. はい。
3. エッセイは introduction, body, conclusionで構成されています。2つのBodyパラグラフは2つのサポートポイントで裏付けられています。
4. イントロダクションではthesis (主題）とサポートポイントがわかるように述べられています。
5. thesis(主題）はこのように述べられています。
It does not cost money to experience the best things in life: enjoying nature and being with our friends and family.
6. 書き手は2つのサポーティング・ポイントでthesis(主題）を裏付けています。サポーティング・ポイントは裏付けとなる理由、例、個人的な経験を述べたBodyパラグラフで展開されています。
7. Body パラグラフ 1 : We can relax and enjoy the beauty of nature
without spending money.
Body パラグラフ 2 : It does not cost money to spend time with our friends and family.
8. 答えは様々で、以下のことが含まれています。
walking in the park; looking at the leaves; watching the snow falling; listening to the birds; having a garden; visiting friends; going to the library; reading; and spending time with family.
目的はthesis (主題）を裏付け展開することです。
9. 書き手は結論でthesis(主題）について述べています。
10. はい このエッセイは評価５（満点）だと考えます。
