1. In the music industry, for instance, many musicians were reported to have taken drugs and get caught. 2. Take the coffee out my office, otherwise I’ll drink it up again. 3. I have to be there by 7 am or else I’ll miss the train. 4. The situation is the plantation in particular is alarming. 5. A: I’m on this leave this Friday. B: In that case, let’s have dinner at my place. What you think?
I can’t go anywhere because of the coronavirus spreading,
I feel like going stir crazy.
コロナウィルスの広がりでどこにもいけないわ。 気が変になりそう。
stir とは、液体などを掻き回すこと、また精神や感情面の興奮や動揺も意味します。
アメリカのスラングで、stirというと、監獄をあらわし、stir-crazy とは、
刑務所に長い間投獄されていると、気が狂ったり、精神的に不安定になる
囚人がいることに由来しているようです。
「stir crazy 同じ所に閉じ込められて気が変になる」習得・攻略
ネイティブのリアル 英語：
I wish it would stop raining so I could go outside. I’ve been locked up in this house for almost a week and I’m starting to go stir crazy!
学校で教わる英語：
I wish it would stop raining so we could go outside. I’ve been locked up in this house for almost a week and I’m starting to become very restless from being confined to one place!
ネイティブのリアル発音:
I wish it’d stop raining so we could go outside. I’ve been locked up ’n this house fer almost a week ’n I’m starding ta go stir crazy!
同義表現
to become very restless from being confined to one place. to be extremely sick.
1. I want to eat ice cream. Alternatively, I have to eat fruits. 2. Online shopping is better instead of going to the physical shop in this kind of weather. 3. Donna, to be exact, my best friend, is getting married this weekend. 4. The explanation must be in plain English, or else everybody will be confused, and we won’t be able to execute it properly. 5. Rather than explain myself, I prepare everything and take care of it.
1. The participants during the Christmas tree lighting are very active. Yet, we have fewer people this year. 2. She didn’t forgive her boyfriend even though he was promising not to cheat on her ever again. 3. There are two candidates for the vacant position. These two are both graduates of business and are also top of their class. 4. Young people want to get older faster and it likewise that adults want to relive their teenage years. 5. The first company that I’ve applied for offers a good play whereas the second company has flexible time. I’m confused what to choose.
IELTS スピーキングの採点基準「Fluency and coherence : 流暢さと首尾一貫性」で
高い評価を得るために、ディスコース・マーカー（繋ぎ語）を適切に使って
話に一貫性があることをアピールすることが必要です。
ディスコースマーカーというのは、「論理マーカー」とか「シグナルワード」とか、
いろいろと言い方はありますが、簡単に言うと、接続詞、接続副詞や
前置詞句のことです。
試験で使える！ディスコースマーカー機能表現
▮ディスコースマーカー 機能表現 順序（SEQUENTIAL ORDER)
まず第一に、最後に、また別には
for starters
first of all
first(ly)・second(ly)
lastly
finally
to begin/start with,
in the first・second place
next, then
for one・another thing de
let’s move on
let’s finish by
at the end
▮ ディスコースマーカー 機能表現 要約（SUMMARY)
要約すると、最終的には、したがって、
In summary
To wrap up
As a result
All in all
In brief
Hence
Therefore
In sum
In the end
ディスコースマーカーを使った回答文
● 問題
1. What’s your typical weekday? Use ‘finally’ in your answer.
● 回答
My weekday routine can be described as monotonous. I follow the same schedule the whole time.
I start my day by taking a peek at my mobile phone for any important messages. Then, I rise to switch on my PC to get ready for work. Sometimes, if I wake up too early, I take time to make breakfast for me and my husband, but on most days, we just have brunch. I start work at 6:30 am until 11:00 am. After that, I take a break until 3:00 pm during which I do my house chores or catch some sleep.
Once my work ends in the late afternoon, around 5:00 pm, I begin preparing for supper. My husband and I eat and do the dishes together afterward. Then, either we’d go for a walk, try to watch a movie or catch up on our readings before finally hitting the sack.
It could get a little boring sometimes. When it does, there’s nothing a bottle or bottles of beer that can’t solve.
(1) Before we begin, we have to check some important details. (2) First, we have to name the people of the committee – their names, titles, and responsibilities. (3) Second, we need to get the exact date and time of the event. Let’s also double check if our venue is final. (4) Last, we have to get the program, the names of our guests and their background and credentials. (5) If we have all of these, let’s move forward.
1. My friend is getting married this weekend as a result I need to find a dress and take a leave to prepare for the occasion. 2. You’ve done such a great job, hence, the immediate promotion. 3. My children ate chocolate cake after dinner. For that reason, they weren’t able to sleep early. 4. The important papers that she sent to the immigration got there almost late. For some reason or another, they had to cram going to the embassy to settle the rest of the requirements. 5. John and Marge have won the dance competition because of their long hours of practice, dedication and creativity.
Well, the word I want to describe it has just slipped my mind. (度忘れする), anyway, the tool to make musical sounds （musical instrument） と表現を変えて説明すればその場を切り抜けることができます。
試験官: Are there any environmental problems in your country?
受験者 A : Yes … we have a serious issue with pollution levels in some of our big cities … exhaust fumes from cars and lorries are definitely one reason for the problem but we also have a lot of heavy industry in some areas and this also results in poor air quality …
試験官 ： Do you take an interest in nature?
受験者 B : Well … I’m a city person through and through and don’t get back to nature very often I’m afraid … but like everyone else I’m fascinated by the natural world and I like watching documentaries showing wild animals in their natural habitat …
air quality: the cleanliness of the air we breathe
to become extinct: to no longer exist
to be under threat: to be in danger of becoming extinct
climate change: the change in worldwide weather patterns
to die out: see ‘to become extinct’
endangered species: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming extinct
energy conservation: the careful management of energy resources to ensure they last as long as possible
environmentally friendly: behaviour and products that do not harm the environment
exhaust fumes: the toxic gases given off by vehicles powered by petrol
flash floods: floods that happen quickly
fossil fuels: energy resources like gas and oil that are produced deep below the ground over millions of years
future generations: the people who live after us
to get back to nature: to live a life that is closer to nature
global warming: the increasing temperature of the world brought about by gases such as carbon dioxide
heavy industry: the manufacture of heavy articles and materials in large numbers
humanitarian aid: the act of showing support to people struggling to survive
impact on: the effect on
loss of habitat: the decline in areas of land where animals and plants would normally exist
man-made disaster: widespread damage or loss of life brought about by the action of humans
natural disaster: an event such as an earthquake, flood or hurricane which causes widespread damage or loss of life
natural environment: the place where animals and plants would normally be found in nature
the natural world: the world of nature
oil spill: waste usually deposited in the seas and oceans after an accident at sea
poaching: to hunt and kill wild animals illegally
pollution levels: the amount of toxic waste
pressure group: a group of people who try to raise awareness of issues and try to affect the views and actions of people and organisations
toxic waste: poisonous, unwanted rubbish often produced by industrial processes
wildlife conservation: to protect animals and plants and their habitats
