マイチューターの英語4技能対策

Lesson 15: 　　Technology

Topic Question: How has Japanese technology impacted the world?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese technology has had a profound impact on the global stage, leading innovations in electronics, automotive, robotics, and more. Japan is renowned for producing high-quality, reliable electronics, from pioneering the first portable music players to leading the way in digital cameras and gaming consoles. In the automotive industry, Japanese manufacturers are at the forefront of developing hybrid and electric vehicles, contributing significantly to the shift towards more sustainable transportation. Robotics is another area where Japan excels, with advancements in humanoid robots and automation technologies that have applications in healthcare, manufacturing, and personal assistance. Additionally, Japan’s bullet trains, known as Shinkansen, revolutionized high-speed rail travel, setting a benchmark for efficiency and safety. Through these contributions, Japanese technology has not only advanced industry standards but also improved daily life for people around the world.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Innovations (革新): New methods, ideas, or products.

The tech industry thrives on innovations that challenge the status quo.

2. Renowned (有名な): Known or talked about by many people; famous.

The chef is renowned for his creative approach to traditional dishes.

3. Sustainable (持続可能な): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Sustainable practices are essential for preserving our planet for future generations.

4. Humanoid robots (ヒューマノイドロボット): Robots with its body shape built to resemble the human body.

Humanoid robots are increasingly being used in research and entertainment.

5. Benchmark (ベンチマーク): A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared.

The software set a new benchmark for graphic design programs.

No.3
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Considering the vast array of technological advancements originating from Japan, which do you think has been the most influential globally? Why?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No.4
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s delve into the future of technology. How do you envision Japanese innovations continuing to shape global technology trends? Are there specific areas or industries where you anticipate significant Japanese contributions in the coming years?

Lesson 14. Calligraphy (書道）

Topic Question: What role does calligraphy play in Japanese culture?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japanese culture, calligraphy, or “shodo,” is more than just a way of writing; it’s considered an art form and a spiritual practice. It involves the careful and expressive use of brush and ink to create characters that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also convey deep meaning. Calligraphy plays a significant role in Japanese society, being an essential part of education and a revered art that reflects the writer’s discipline, character, and aesthetic sense. It is used in various aspects of daily life, from traditional ceremonies and artworks to personal correspondence and decorations. The practice of shodo helps in cultivating patience, concentration, and a mindful approach to life, embodying the Zen philosophy of simplicity and self-expression.

No.2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Art form (芸術形式): A type of artistic activity that is considered a form of creative expression.

Sculpture is an art form that has been used throughout history to express beauty and convey messages.

2. Spiritual practice (精神的実践): An activity or exercise performed to develop spiritual awareness and growth.

Meditation is a popular spiritual practice that helps individuals find inner peace.

3. Aesthetically pleasing (美的に喜ばしい): Appealing to the sense of beauty.

The design of the garden is aesthetically pleasing, with its harmonious blend of colors and textures.

4. Revered (崇敬される): Regarded with deep respect and admiration.

The veteran teacher was revered by students and colleagues alike for her dedication to education.

5. Mindful approach (心をこめたアプローチ): Acting with awareness and attentiveness.

Taking a mindful approach to eating can enhance the enjoyment of meals and promote better digestion.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you perceive the impact of calligraphy on modern Japanese culture? Do you think traditional arts like calligraphy are still relevant in today’s digital age?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 4
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore the preservation and innovation of traditional arts in contemporary society. How are traditional practices like calligraphy being adapted or integrated into modern life? Can you think of examples where traditional and modern elements are combined to create something new?

Lesson 13. 　　Art of Ikebana

Topic Question: Can you describe the traditional Japanese art of ikebana?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Ikebana is the Japanese art of flower arrangement, distinguished by its disciplined form and emphasis on shape, line, and form. Unlike merely decorative flower arrangements, ikebana seeks to bring out the inner qualities of flowers and other natural elements, creating a harmonious composition that reflects the beauty and impermanence of life. This art form dates back to the 7th century when floral offerings were made at altars. Over time, it evolved into a more stylized form of expression, deeply rooted in Zen Buddhism, emphasizing minimalism, asymmetry, and the importance of space in the arrangement. Ikebana is not just an art; it’s a meditative practice that fosters a deep connection with nature and cultivates patience, discipline, and a sense of beauty.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Disciplined (規律のある): Showing a controlled form of behavior or way of working.

His disciplined approach to training has made him one of the top athletes in his field.

2. Harmonious (調和のとれた): Forming a pleasing or consistent whole.

The harmonious design of the garden brought a sense of calm and peace.

3. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.

The art of ikebana teaches us to appreciate the impermanence of beauty.

4. Minimalism (ミニマリズム): A style or technique that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.

She prefers the minimalism of contemporary architecture, with its clean lines and functional design.

5. Asymmetry (非対称): Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

Asymmetry in art can often make compositions more dynamic and interesting.

No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Inner qualities (内面の質):

Ikebana is about highlighting the inner qualities of flowers, not just their external beauty.

2. Reflects the beauty (美しさを反映する):

A well-crafted poem reflects the beauty and complexity of human emotions.

3. Deep connection with nature (自然との深いつながり):

Spending time in the mountains fosters a deep connection with nature and its rhythms.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does ikebana compare to other forms of artistic expression in terms of its philosophy and practice? Do you think there are similar art forms in other cultures?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the role of nature in art and how it influences various cultural expressions. How do you think integrating elements of nature into our daily lives, such as through ikebana, can impact our well-being and perspective on life?

Lesson 12. 　　Festivals and Their Origins

Topic Question: What are some popular Japanese festivals and their origins?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese festivals, known as “matsuri,” are deeply rooted in the country’s culture and history, reflecting the community’s beliefs, seasons, and historical events. One of the most iconic is the “Gion Matsuri” in Kyoto, originating from a purification ritual to appease the gods during an epidemic in the 9th century. Another significant festival is “Tanabata,” based on a Chinese legend, celebrated by writing wishes on tanzaku and hanging them on bamboo. The “Sapporo Snow Festival” showcases magnificent ice sculptures, attracting visitors worldwide, symbolizing the embrace of winter’s beauty. Each festival, from the “Awa Odori” dance festival in Tokushima to the “Kanda Matsuri” in Tokyo, carries unique traditions and stories, contributing to Japan’s rich cultural tapestry.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Matsuri (祭り): Festival; a celebration of traditional Japanese culture, often involving processions, performances, and street food.

Every summer, our town holds a matsuri, where everyone gathers to enjoy traditional dances and food.

2. Purification (浄化): The act of cleaning by removing impurities.

The purification ceremony at the temple was a solemn and beautiful event.

3. Tanzaku (短冊): Small pieces of paper on which people write wishes during the Tanabata festival.

Children and adults alike write their wishes on tanzaku and hang them on bamboo trees during Tanabata.

4. Magnificent (壮大な): Impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant.

The magnificent castle stood tall, overlooking the entire city.

5. Tapestry (タペストリー): Something that is complex or detailed in a way that is interesting and attractive.

The cultural tapestry of the country is woven from its diverse languages, traditions, and customs.


No. 3

3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Rooted in culture (文化に根ざす)

The practice of tea ceremony is deeply rooted in Japanese culture as a symbol of hospitality and tranquility.

2. Epidemic (流行病)

Historical records show that the city organized a large festival to protect its citizens from an epidemic.

3. Symbolizing the embrace (受け入れを象徴する)

The lighting of lanterns during the festival symbolizes the embrace of peace and hope for the community.



No. 4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think festivals like “Gion Matsuri” and “Sapporo Snow Festival” contribute to community and tourism in Japan? Can you think of festivals in other countries with a similar impact?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore the significance of festivals in preserving cultural identity. How do traditional celebrations adapt to modern times while retaining their historical essence? Are there any local or regional festivals in your area that hold a special meaning for the community?

ZOOM ご利用の方はこちら

　　初めての講師なのにコンタクトリクエストが届かない、講師からコールがない場合に、

　　緊急対応として、マイページ「講師への連絡」から「スカイプ コール アイコン」を使い

　　レッスンに参加することができます。

　　

　　ただし、スカイプ　コール アイコンからのレッスンでは、レッスン時間が多少短くなります

　　のでご了承ください。

　　※　スカイプ コール アイコンは緊急時だけご利用ください。

スカイプ　コール アイコン ご利用方法

1. 　マイページ　「講師への連絡」をクリックする。

レッスン時間までに受講者が(注釈)コンタクトリクエストを承認していない場合や、スカイプコールを受信しない場合、講師は「講師への連絡」からメッセージを送ります。講師からメッセージが届くと「(1) 講師への連絡」 のように数字が表示されます。

※注釈：コンタクトリクエストとは初めての通話者に対しZOOM通話の許可を得るためのリクエストです。（一時的なZOOM不具合などの原因で受講者に届かない場合があります）

2. 講師からのメッセージに返答して、Skype コール アイコンをクリックする。

　　 ※　直接 Skype コール アイコンをクリックしても構いません。

3. Skype へのアクセスを許可すると、講師の Skype へ繋がります。

スカイプをご利用の方はこちら

　　初めての講師なのにコンタクトリクエストが届かない、講師からコールがない場合に、

　　緊急対応として、マイページ「講師への連絡」から「ZOOM コール アイコン」を使いレッスンに

　　参加することができます。

　　

　　ただし、ZOOM　コールアイコンからのレッスンでは、通常のZOOM機能に以下の制限がかかり

　　ますのでご了承ください。

　　●　教材ファイルの送受信ができません。

　　●　ZOOM チャットボックスの交信履歴が残らない（レッスン中だけの利用）

　　※　ZOOM　コール アイコンは緊急時だけご利用ください。

ZOOM　コール アイコン ご利用方法

1. 　マイページ　「講師への連絡」をクリックする。

レッスン時間までに受講者がコンタクトリクエスト(注釈）を承認していない場合や、ZOOMコールを受信しない場合、講師は「講師への連絡」からメッセージを送ります。講師からメッセージが届くと「(1) 講師への連絡」 のように数字が表示されます。

※注釈：コンタクトリクエストとは初めての通話者に対しZOOM通話の許可を得るためのリクエストです。（一時的なZOOM不具合などの原因で受講者に届かない場合があります）

2. 講師からのメッセージに返答して、ZOOM　コール アイコンをクリックする。

　　 ※　直接ZOOM コール アイコンをクリックしても構いません。

3. ZOOM Meeting へのアクセスを許可すると、講師のZOOMに繋がります。

「講師への連絡　チャット」とは？

レッスンの「予約」が完了すると、マイページ「予約表」に「講師への連絡」ボタンが

表示されます。　

「緊急時」や「コールアイコンを使ってZOOM (スカイプ) レッスンに参加する」、「レッスンコースの変更を知らせる」際に使う講師との「チャットボット」になります。

「講師への連絡 チャット」　どんな時に使うのですか？

▮　初めてのレッスン（無料体験を含む）で希望レッスンを伝える

（一度、受講頂くと、受講歴からカリキュラムの順番で進めてまいります）

ご注意：　希望レッスンはレッスン時間の3時間前までにご連絡ください。

▮　コース変更を伝える

（一度、受講頂くと、受講歴からカリキュラムの順番で進めてまいります）

ご注意：　コース変更はレッスン時間の3時間前までにご連絡ください。

▮　講師からスカイプ（ZOOM）コールが来ない（コンタクトリクエストの承認ができない）

　　スカイプ（ZOOM) アカウントから講師とコンタクトできない場合に、緊急対応として、

　　「ZOOM コールアイコン」、「スカイプ　コールアイコン」から、講師のスカイプ（ZOOM）

　　にコンタクトしてレッスンが開始されます。

　　ただし、ZOOM　コールアイコンからのレッスンでは、通常のZOOM機能に以下の制限があり

　　ますのでご了承ください。

　　「ファイルを送受信できない」、「チャット履歴が残らない」

。

▮　レッスン中に通信障害が発生した

ご注意：　

●上記以外で急を要しない連絡には対応しておりません。レッスン等に関するお問い合わせ（緊急対応除く）はマイページ上部メニュー「カスタマーサポート」からご連絡ください。

●「講師への連絡 チャット」 が繋がらない場合は、「セブマネジャーChat Support」までご連絡ください。

●レッスン「キャンセル」（3時間前）又はレッスン「欠席」は、

各「ボタン」をクリックしてください。「講師への連絡」からは受け付けておりません。

●　レッスンのご希望やコース変更はレッスン時間の3時間前までにご連絡ください。

　　（レッスン前に準備が必要なご用件は余裕をもって連絡しておくことをお勧めします。）

●チャット言語は英語を基本とします。　日本語は英語に変換するため多少時間がかかったり、正確な意味が伝わらない場合がありますので予めご了承ください。

●「講師への連絡　チャット 」は、該当レッスン時間内でのご利用となります。

　　レッスン時間終了後は、チャット記録は確認できませんのでご了承ください。

講師からスカイプ（ZOOM）コールが来ない　　　　　　　（コンタクトリクエストの承認ができない）

1. 　講師からメッセージが届くと「(1) 講師への連絡」 のように数字が表示されます。「 講師への連絡」をクリックしてください。

2- 1 ZOOM 利用者

　　講師からのメッセージに返答して、ZOOM　コールアイコンをクリックする。（直接ZOOM

　　コールアイコンをクリックしても構いません。

ZOOM Meeting へのアクセスを許可すると、講師のZOOMに繋がります。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

2 – 2 　スカイプ　利用者

講師からのメッセージに返答して、スカイプ　コールアイコンをクリックする。（直接スカイプ コールアイコンをクリックしても構いません。

スカイプ へのアクセスを許可すると、講師のスカイプに繋がります。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

レッスンコース変更の連絡

1. 「講師への連絡」をクリックします。

2. チャットボックスにメッセージを入力して　「Reply」ボタンをクリックする

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

メッセージ　チャットがアップされました。

————————————————————————————————————-

トラブルシューティング

現象：　チャットボックス（メッセージ入力枠）が表示されない

原因：　画面表示が大きすぎてチャットボックスが画面下に隠れている

解消法：　キーボード「Ctrl + マウス　スクロールで画面を縮小する

＜画面表示が大きすぎてチャットボックスが画面下に隠れている＞

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

＜キーボード「Ctrl + マウス　スクロールで画面を縮小する＞

Lesson　11. Influence of Geography on Japanese Cuisine

Topic Question: How does the geography of Japan influence its cuisine?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japan’s geography, being an island nation with a diverse landscape, plays a significant role in shaping its cuisine. The abundance of coastline provides a vast variety of seafood, making it a staple in the Japanese diet, evident in dishes like sushi and sashimi. The mountainous regions contribute to the cultivation of specific crops such as wasabi and tea, while the distinct seasons influence the seasonal availability of ingredients, leading to a culture of eating what is fresh and in season. Additionally, Japan’s numerous rivers and clean water sources are ideal for rice cultivation, the cornerstone of Japanese cuisine. The geographical diversity of Japan encourages a rich variety of regional dishes, each with unique flavors and ingredients.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Staple (主食): A basic or principal item, especially of food.

Rice is a staple in many Asian cuisines.

2. Cultivation (栽培): The process of trying to acquire or develop a quality or skill.

The cultivation of organic vegetables requires careful attention to soil and environment.

3. Seasonal availability (季節に応じた利用可能性): The period when a specific type of food is readily available and at its best quality.

The restaurant’s menu changes based on the seasonal availability of ingredients.

4. Cornerstone (基石): Something that is essential, indispensable, or basic.

Trust is the cornerstone of any successful relationship.

5. Diversity (多様性): The state of being diverse; variety.

The cultural diversity of the city is reflected in its wide range of restaurants and cuisines.


No. 3

3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Abundance of coastline (豊富な海岸線)

The abundance of coastline contributes to the region’s rich selection of seafood dishes.

2. Eating what is fresh and in season (旬のものを食べる)

Japanese cuisine emphasizes eating what is fresh and in season for the best flavor and nutritional value.

3. Rich variety of regional dishes (地域料理の豊かな多様性)

Traveling through Japan, one can experience a rich variety of regional dishes, each telling a story of the local culture and geography.


No. 4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think Japan’s geography has contributed to the global popularity of its cuisine? Are there similar geographical influences on cuisine in your own country?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the importance of locally sourced ingredients in culinary practices. How does the concept of “farm to table” or “sea to table” enhance the dining experience? Can you think of any local dishes from your area that are influenced by geography?

Lesson 4. 　　”Wabi-Sabi”

Topic Question: What is the concept of “wabi-sabi”?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Wabi-sabi is a Japanese aesthetic philosophy that embraces the beauty of imperfection, impermanence, and incompleteness. Originating from Buddhist teachings, it appreciates the simple, modest, and natural aspects of life. “Wabi” originally referred to the loneliness of living in nature, away from society, while “sabi” meant “chill,” “lean,” or “withered.” Over time, these concepts evolved to celebrate the serene and subtle beauty in the flawed or ephemeral. Wabi-sabi can be seen in various Japanese arts, such as pottery, where the uniqueness of a crack or a rough texture adds value and character to the piece. It teaches us to find beauty in the transient nature of our world and to accept the natural cycle of growth and decay.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Aesthetic (美学): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
The aesthetic of this garden captures the essence of Japanese design.

2. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.
The cherry blossoms remind us of the impermanence of life.

3. Modest (控えめな): Unassuming in the estimation of one’s abilities or achievements.
Despite his success, he remained modest about his accomplishments.

4. Ephemeral (はかない): Lasting for a very short time.
The ephemeral beauty of a sunset is what makes it so precious.

5. Transient (一時的な): Lasting only for a short time; impermanent.
Travelers often have a transient lifestyle, moving from one place to another.

No. 3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Embraces the beauty of imperfection (不完全の美しさを受け入れる)
True love embraces the beauty of imperfection, accepting flaws and all.

2. Appreciates the simple (シンプルなものを価値あるものと認識する)
Living in the countryside teaches one to appreciates the simple pleasures of life.

3. Find beauty in the transient (移り変わりゆく美しさを見出す)
As an artist, I strive to find beauty in the transient moments that others might overlook.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you interpret the concept of wabi-sabi in your own life? Are there aspects of your daily routine or environment where you can apply this philosophy?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No.5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore how the concept of wabi-sabi could influence modern lifestyle and design. Do you think there’s a place for wabi-sabi in today’s fast-paced, perfection-driven society? How can embracing imperfection lead to a more fulfilling life?

Lesson 10.　　　 “Omotenashi”

Topic Question: 　What is “omotenashi” and how does it reflect in Japanese hospitality?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

“Omotenashi” is the quintessence of Japanese hospitality, representing a profound form of hospitality that anticipates and fulfills people’s needs without expectation of reciprocation. It is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, embodying respect, care, and selflessness in service. This concept is reflected in every aspect of Japanese life, from personal interactions to business dealings, and especially in traditional settings like tea ceremonies, where every detail is meticulously arranged for the guest’s comfort and enjoyment. “Omotenashi” shows the host’s genuine desire to ensure the guest’s happiness, making it a hallmark of Japanese culture.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Quintessence (真髄): The most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

Michelangelo’s David is considered the quintessence of Renaissance art.

2. Reciprocation (報いること): Responding to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one.

The kindness she received was met with reciprocation when she volunteered at the shelter.

3. Meticulously (細心に): In a way that shows great attention to detail; very thoroughly.

The craftsman meticulously restored the antique clock to its original condition.

4. Selflessness (無欲): Concern more with the needs and wishes of others than with one’s own.

Her selflessness was evident when she donated her savings to the charity.

5. Hallmark (特徴): A distinctive feature, especially one of high quality.

Innovation is the hallmark of their newest line of products.

No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Anticipates and fulfills (予測し、満たす)

The hotel’s service anticipates and fulfills the needs of its guests, ensuring a memorable stay.

2. desire (真の願い)

His genuine desire to help others led him to a career in social work.

3. Hallmark of culture (文化の特徴)

Respect for the elderly is a hallmark of many Asian cultures.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does “omotenashi” influence international perceptions of Japan? Can the principles of “omotenashi” be integrated into global hospitality practices?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the universal aspects of hospitality. How do different cultures express their unique forms of hospitality? Are there elements of “omotenashi” that could enhance hospitality practices worldwide?