STEP 1 | Reading | Read the following an academic subject.
Animal Domestication
Animal domestication is done by asserting dominance. In accordance to their natural instincts, wild animals follow the dominant member of their herd. So people domesticate them by assuming the role of the dominant member .
STEP 2 | Note Taking メモ取り | Take notes on the reading
① Animal domestication : done by asserting dominance
② Possible : because animal’s instinct is to follow dominant member
STEP 3 |Organizing 解答の組み立て | Answer the following question using the above information.
Q : According to the passage, how is animal domestication done?
A : People act like the dominant member of the herd. That way, the other animals will follow them.
▮ Listen
STEP 4 | Listening & Note Taking | Listen to a lecture about the same topic, and take notes.
メモ取り
① Feral horses : have instinct to follow dominant male
② Domestication : done by taking dominant status out of male
スクリプト
All right. .. Let’s take a look at feral horses that live in the wild. Feral horses live in herds and are led by the dominant male horse. In order to domesticate these animals, humans have altered this behavior by eliminating dominant males. This means that no horse is dominant.
▮ Speak
STEP 5 | Response 解答| Make your response using the above information
Q : The professor describes feral horses. Example illustrates the principle of domestication
Your Response
People domesticate horses by becoming the dominant member of the herd. This is possible because horses are animals that the principles of animal domestication can apply to.
STEP 6 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
Feral horses live in herds. And people domesticate the horses by eliminating the dominant males and taking the dominant position. This process is in line with the principles of domestication. According to the principle, animal domestication can be done by assuming the role of the dominant member.
Some people like to watch films. Others like to attend concerts. Which activity do you prefer to do? Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
STEP 1 |Organizing 解答の組み立て|Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.
1 Do you prefer to watch films or attend concerts?
2 Why do you enjoy doing this activity?
3 What features of films or concerts are so attractive to you?
1 My preferred activity ____________________________________
2-1 First reason ___________________________________________
1.As for me, I prefer watching films to attending concerts.
2- 1. First of all, watching films is a very relaxing activity.
3- 1. They usually last around two hours, so, during that time, I can forget about what is going on in my life and get lost in the movie, especially if it is an action movie, which I love.
2-2. Secondly, I think of films as artwork, so I try to appreciate them as works of art when watching them.
3-2. When they come together successfully, like in Citizen Kane, for example, I realize I am watching something more than a movie.
解答例 B
1 I would say I prefer attending concerts rather than watching films.
2-1. One of the main reasons is that there are so many different genres of music I like.
3-1. In the past few months, I have attended concerts performed by musicians in three different genres, thereby enabling me to hear some of my favorite songs performed live.
2-2. Another reason why I like attending concerts is that the music is much better when I hear it performed live.
3-2. My family went to a classical music concert recently.Attending the concert in person was so much better than listening to the same music on a CD.
STEP 2 |Response 解答文作成| Make your response using the above information.
As for me, I prefer _______ One of the main reasons is ________________
STEP 3 |Speaking 解答| Now say your response out loud, and record your time. While you are speaking, do not look at the written response
Response time: 45 seconds Your speaking time: ___ seconds
STEP 4 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
解答例 A films
As for me, I prefer watching films to attending concerts. First of all, watching films is a very relaxing activity. They usually last around two hours, so, during that time, I can forget about what’s going on in my life and get lost in the movie, especially if it’s an action movie, which I love. For example, no matter how many times I watch movies like Spiderman and Pirates of the Caribbean, I get lost in the stories and forget about the outside world. Secondly, I think of films as artwork, so I try to appreciate them as works of art when watching them. For example, the acting, camerawork, lighting, and many other aspects of a film are all important. When they come together successfully, like in Citizen Kane, for example, I realize I’m watching something more than a movie. This makes me appreciate watching the film even more.
解答例 B concerts
I’d rather travel in a group than alone. To begin with, traveling in a group is safer than traveling alone. If I were alone, I might have some problems, yet no one could help me, especially in a foreign country where I don’t speak the language. If I’m with a tour group, the leader almost always speaks the local language. In addition, traveling with a group can give you and your travel partners man shared experiences and lots of good memories from the trip. Since it’s more interesting to travel with others, you can get memories from your trip that will last a lifetime. That is why I prefer traveling with a group of people.
Some people take trips by themselves. Others take trips with groups of people. Which kind of trip do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your preference.
STEP 1 |Before you start(1)|Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get some ideas about the subject.
スクリプト
W: What are you going to do for your spring break vacation, Henry?
M: I haven’t made any plans yet.
W: There’s a group from our dorm going skiing in Vermont.
M: Sounds good. Who’s going?
W: Let’s see, I think ten people. David, Alan, Joe, Steve,Tom …
M: Tom? No way. I’m not going anywhere with him.
W: Why not?
M: He’s cheap and never wants to spend his money. Besides, he can never make up his mind about anything. Anyway, in a group that size, there’s bound to be a problem.
W: Maybe you’re right. So what are you going to do?
He doesn’t want to go because of Tom’s character and because the group is too big.
Yes, he enjoys skiing because he said it sounded like a good idea.
STEP 2 |Before you start(2) | Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get some ideas about the subject.
スクリプト
Tourism is big business all over the world. The package trip with a tour group is the most popular way to travel for the elderly, with almost 85% of tour group travelers being 50 years and older. Many hotels give discounts of up to 20% for large groups. On the other hand, for young travelers, backpacking remains popular, especially in Europe. Some travel alone while others go with friends, but young travelers almost never join tour groups. In a recent survey, the main reasons for not joining tour groups were the cost and desire to have a flexible schedule. However, young travelers, especially women, are advised to travel with others to avoid dangers.
1 Which two groups of people does the lecturer compare?
STEP 5 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
解答例 A by myself
Of the two options, I would choose to travel alone than in a group. Firstly, by traveling alone, I can decide where to go and what to do. I don’t have to agree to do something just to make others happy. Also, I can be more flexible and change my mind. My trip can be more exciting and interesting than it would be if I had to follow a tour group’s set schedule. Secondly, I may not get along with the other people I’m traveling with. Everyone has different personalities. Some are lazy or cheap, and others can never make up their minds. If we have an argument, it could ruin the trip or even our friendship. So, I prefer to travel alone.
解答例 B with groups
I’d rather travel in a group than alone. To begin with, traveling in a group is safer than traveling alone. If I were alone, I might have some problems, yet no one could help me, especially in a foreign country where I don’t speak the language. If I’m with a tour group, the leader almost always speaks the local language. In addition, traveling with a group can give you and your travel partners man shared experiences and lots of good memories from the trip. Since it’s more interesting to travel with others, you can get memories from your trip that will last a lifetime. That is why I prefer traveling with a group of people.
When you go to Paris for the week, just take a carry-on. That way you can avoid the long line at baggage claim.
学校で教わる英語：
When you go to Paris for the week, just take a small bag which you can easily carry with you on the airplane. That way you can avoid the long line at baggage claim.
ネイティブのリアル発音:
When ya go da Paris fer the week, jus’ take a carry-on. That way you c’n avoid the long line ’it baggage claim.
同義語、類義語
a small bag which one can easily “carry on” and place in the airplane.
❶ They help me stay focused on what I am studying.
❷ They help me gain a wider perspective on the subject.
STEP 3 |Response 解答| Make your response using the above information.
Example : I like studying in groups better than studying alone. First, when I am in a group, everyone can correct one another when we make mistakes. Second, we can explain the things that we do well to others. So, if I am good at something but some other members are not, I can explain it to them to help them understand.
Your Response _________________________________________________
STEP 4 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
To tell the truth, I really prefer studying in groups. As a matter of fact, I often have trouble focusing when I study alone. But, when I study in a group, I can focus much better. And another thing is that if you study in a group, you can hear more opinions about the subject at hand. So the group helps me gain a wider perspective on the issue I am studying.
STEP 1 | Reading 読解| Read the following passage about a campus situation.
Seniors Eligible to Teach Freshman Classes
Central University is beginning a new program in the fall semester Eligible seniors may now co-teach certain classes alongside a professor in their department. Students must have a 3.5 GPA both overall and in their major to qualify as teachers. This program should be of particular interest to students considering pursuing teaching careers-although that is not a requisite to become an instructor. Student-teachers will need to prepare lesson plans and make themselves available for office hours for their students as well. Inquire at the Student Services Office for more information.
STEP 2 | Comprehending 読解力テスト | Answer the following questions to make sure you understand the reading
1 What is the topic of the notice?
2 How can a student become eligible for this program?
3 What kind of GPA does a student need to participate in the program?
4 Which students in particular may be interested in this program?
5 What will students accepted to the program have to do?
1 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
5 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
Comprehending 解答例
1. The topic of the notice is a new student-teaching program that the university has decided to create.
2. Students who are excelling academically both in their majors and overall may participate in the program.
3. Students must have GPAs of at least 3.5 in their major and overall in order to qualify as teachers.
4. Students considering teaching careers may be particularly interested in the program.
5. Students will have to turn in lesson plans and conduct office hours, which will give them valuable teaching experience.
▮ Listen
STEP 3 | Listening & Note Taking | Listen to a conversation on the same topic, and take notes.
スクリプト
W: What a silly idea! I can’t believe the school is
entertaining the notion of letting students teach classes.
M: It sounds intriguing to me.
W: You think so?
M: Why not? First, like the announcement says, it would be a great way to get some teaching experience. Think about it. .. It’d look great on an application to graduate school. It might help some students get accepted.
W: Okay, that’s good for the student-teacher, but what about the students taking the classes? I can tell you this … I wouldn’t want a student teaching my class. The student wouldn’t have nearly as much knowledge as a real professor.
M: Well, there is the prospect of that, but the student will just be co-teaching, so I’m not terribly concerned. Anyway, you know, I like the part about the student keeping office hours.
W: Because?
M: My professors are always busy and often don’t have time to chat. It’d be easier and, frankly, more comfortable, going to a student to ask my questions. It’s not like my questions are so difficult that an upperclassman wouldn’t be able to answer them.
The man expresses his opinion of the co-teaching program the university is creating. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
STEP 4 | Organizing 解答の組み立て | Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.
1 What is the man’s opinion of the new co-teaching program?
2 What does he think a result of the program will be?
3 In what way will that help the students in the future?
4 What does he feel about the student-teachers having to keep office hours?
5 How does he compare the time professors have to the time students have?
1. In the man’s mind, the program is a good idea and is worth supporting.
2. First, he thinks that doing student-teaching will benefit the students in the program.
3. He feels that putting it on their resumes will look good when they apply to graduate schools and might even help some of them get accepted.
4. Another reason is that he is encouraged by the fact that the student-teachers would have to keep office hours.
5. He mentions that most of his professors have no time , to chat, but he thinks students would.
▮ Speak
STEP 5 | Speaking 解答| Now say your response out loud, and record your time. While you are speaking, do not look at the written response.
Response time 45 seconds Your speaking time seconds
STEP 6 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
Sample Response 模範解答
The topic of the notice is a new student-teaching program the university has decided to create. In the man’s mind, the program is a good idea and is worth supporting. He cites a couple of reasons to defend his opinion. First, he thinks that doing student-teaching will benefit the students in the program. He feels that putting it on their resumes will look good when they apply to graduate schools and might even help some of them get accepted. Another reason is that he’s encouraged by the fact that the student-teachers would have to keep office hours. He believes students having office hours is better than professors having them. He mentions that most of his professors have no time to chat, but he thinks students would. Also, most of his questions could be answered by upperclassmen, so he wouldn’t have to bother his professors so much.
STEP 7 自己採点
Delivery
1 How clearly did you speak your response?
Language Use
2 How well did you control language structures to convey your ideas?
3 How appropriately did you use vocabulary to convey your ideas?
STEP 1 | Reading | Read the following passage about a campus situation.
University Tutoring System
The new university tutoring system begins on August 22. Students will no longer have face-to-face tutoring sessions. Instead, an online tutoring system will be implemented. The computer-based r tutoring system will allow students to receive tutoring help twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, instead of only during regular school hours, Students will benefit from expanded access to tutors. Also, the computer-based system will relieve students of stress from the crowded tutoring centers. Students will no longer need to be present on campus for tutoring. They will be able to access the computer-based system from any computer with an Internet connection.
STEP 2 | Comprehending 読解力テスト | Answer the following questions to make sure you understand the reading
1 What is the notice about?
2 What is the first reason for the new tutoring system?
3 According to the notice, how will it benefit the students?
4 What is another reason for the new tutoring system?
5 According to the notice, how will it benefit the students?
1 Issue ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2 First reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3 Details ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4 Second reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
5 Details ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
Comprehending 解答例
1 . The notice is about how the university will change from
face -to-face tutoring to a computer-based tutoring
system.
2. One reason for the changes is that only offering
tutoring services during regular school hours is not
enough for the students.
3. Students will have access to tutoring twenty-four
hours a day, seven days a week.
4. Another advantage for the change in the tutoring
system is that it will eliminate crowded, stressful
tutoring centers.
5. Students will be able to access the tutoring network
from any computer with the Internet connection.
▮ Listen
STEP 3 | Listening & Note Taking | Listen to a conversation on the same topic, and take notes.
スクリプト
M: This new tutoring system will be great.
W: I’m not so sure about that.
M: Really? What do you mean?
W: First of all, a lot of students don’t even know how to
type very fast. Some cannot even type at all. This will
make the tutoring sessions really slow.
M: Right. Ty ping skills will be really important.
W: Sure they will. When students are tutored face to
face, they don’t have to worry about typing though.
They can just focus all of their energy on what they’r
learning. I think that’s more efficient.
M: You may be right.
W: There’s something else, too. Students must have
a good computer at home in order to access the
computer-based system. Many students will have to
upgrade their current computer or even buy a new
one. I know a lot of students who don’t even have a
computer at home. It will be very expensive for a lot
of students to get access to tutoring now_
M: That’s a good point.
W: I think it might be better to stick with the old system.
Q The woman expresses her opinion of the new computer-based tutoring system. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.
STEP 4 | Organizing 解答の組み立て | Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.
1 What is the woman’s opinion of the new tutoring system?
2 What does the woman say about students’ typing skills?
3 Why is this important to the new tutoring system?
4 What does the woman say about computers?
5 Why does she think it will be difficult for some students to buy new computer?
STEP 6 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
Sample Response 模範解答
The notice describes a new university tutoring system.The woman is against the university’s decision to replace face-to-face tutoring with a computer-based tutoring system. First, she believes that students will require excellent typing skills in order to take advantage of the new tutoring system. However, she states that many students lack the ability to type well enough, so the new tutoring system will be much slower than the face-to-face system. To her, the inability to type well will hinder the learning process for some students. Second of all, she believes many students will have to upgrade their computers or even buy new ones. According to the woman, this will be very expensive for many students. She believes the former face-to-face method of tutoring is better for students than the new computer-based tutoring system.
STEP 1 | Reading | Read the following passage about a campus situation.
Additional Writing Course
Attention, science students. Starting next semester, the school will be offering two writing classes: Basic Writing for Science and Intermediate Writing for Science. These classes have been made in response to the recent complaints about the writing abilities of science students. Students who want to take either of these two classes should meet Professor Johnson first and get an application form.
STEP 2 | Note Taking | Take notes on the reading
① Topic: New writing courses for science students
② Reason: To increase science students’ writing abilities
STEP 3 |Organizing 解答の組み立て | Answer the following question using the above information.
Q : What is the school going to do?
A : The school will offer two writing classes to help improve its science students’ writing.
▮ Listen
STEP 4 | Listening & Note Taking | Listen to a conversation on the same topic, and take notes.
メモ取り
Woman Opinion Likes the classes
Reason ： The classes will teach him how to write and be more
persuasive,and they may help him get into graduate school.
Man Opinion: Dislikes the classes
Reason: These classes are a waste of time since she can already write.
スクリプト
M : Did you hear about the new writing class? I think this is a waste of time considering that all of us can already write. Why do we need to learn writing? We will become scientists,not writers!
W : Oh, do you think so? Well, I disagree with you. I think these new classes are great. I always hated English classes, so I never developed any writing skills. You know, these classes will not just be about writing but will also teach us how to be more persuasive. Hopefully, taking these classes can help me get into graduate school.
▮ Speak
STEP 5 | Response 解答| Make your response using the above information
Q The man expresses his opinion about the new classes the school will offer. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for having that opinion.
Your Response
The man thinks the new classes are great. Because he hated English class, he doesn’t have any skills. So he wants to take the class in order to go to graduate school.
STEP 6 | Compare 比較 | Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours.
the man likes the classes because he wants to improve his writing skills to get into graduate school. He always hated English classes, so his skills have not improved.
