マイチューターの英語4技能対策

Lesson 16　　 Japanese Cuisine

Topic Question: “What local food should I try in different regions of Japan?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the diversity of Japanese cuisine and how it varies from region to region. Consider special dishes unique to certain areas of Japan.

▮ Sample Answer

“In Japan, try sushi in Tokyo, okonomiyaki in Osaka, and ramen in Hakata. Each region has special foods. Hokkaido is famous for seafood, and Kyoto for tofu dishes.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Cuisine (料理): Style of cooking.
2. Unique (ユニークな): Being the only one of its kind.
3. Special (特別な): Better, greater, or otherwise different from what is usual.
4. Seafood (海鮮): Sea animals that are eaten as food.
5. Dishes (料理): Food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What kind of food is Tokyo famous for?
2. Can you name a special dish from Osaka?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Have you ever… ?

A: Have been / have driven / have played, etc, is the present perfect (have + past participle):

B: 　We use the present perfect when we talk about a time from the past until now, for example, a
person’s life.

●　Have you been to France?” “No, I haven’t.
●　We’ve been to Canada, but we haven’t been to Alaska.
●　Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places.

Example Sentences:

1. Have you ever tried sushi in Tokyo?
2. We’ve eaten okonomiyaki in Osaka, and it was delicious.
3. She has visited Hokkaido and tried various seafood dishes there.
4. I have never been to Kyoto, but I’ve heard the tofu dishes are excellent.

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 15 　　Shop for traditional Japanese items

Topic Question: “Where is the best place to shop for traditional Japanese items?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about places in Japan where traditional items are available. Consider the types of items you might find and the experience of shopping in those places.

▮ Sample Answer

“The best place for traditional Japanese items is Kyoto. It has many shops with crafts, clothes, and food. Places like Gion and Arashiyama offer unique and authentic items.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Traditional (伝統的な): Relating to customs or practices from the past.
2. Crafts (工芸品): Objects made by hand.
3. Clothes (衣服): Items worn to cover the body.
4. Food (食べ物): Things people eat.
5. Authentic (本物の): Genuine, real.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What makes Kyoto the best place for traditional Japanese items?
2. Can you name some types of traditional Japanese items you might find in Kyoto?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I used to…

A:

B: 　You can say I used to work… / she used to have… / t hey used to be…, etc.

　　●　When I was a child, I used to like chocolate.
　　●　I used to read a lot of books, but I don’t read much these days.

The negative is I didn’t use to….
　 ●　When I was a child, I didn’t use to like tomatoes.

The question is did you use to… ?
　 ●　Where did you use to live before you came here?

C: 　We use used to… only for the past. You cannot say “I use to …” for the present:

　 ●　I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. (not I use to play golf)
　 ●　 We usually get up early. (not We use to get up early)

Example Sentences:

1. When I was in Japan, I used to visit Kyoto to shop for traditional items.
2. I used to buy crafts and clothes from the local markets in Gion.
3. People used to travel far just to experience the authentic food and culture of Arashiyama.
4. I didn’t use to like sushi, but after my trip to Kyoto, I loved it.
5. Did you use to collect anything traditional from Japan?

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 14 　Capital of Japan

Topic Question: Please tell me about the capital of Japan.

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about what you know or have heard about Tokyo, including its landmarks, culture, and significance in Japan.

▮　Sample Answer
“Tokyo is the capital of Japan, known for its vibrant culture, advanced technology, and historical sites. It’s a city where traditional temples stand alongside towering skyscrapers. Tokyo is also famous for its food, fashion, and entertainment districts like Shibuya and Shinjuku.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Capital (首都): The city that serves as the seat of government and administrative center of a country.
2. Vibrant (活気がある): Full of energy and life.
3. Technology (技術): The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
4. Historical sites (歴史的な場所): Places that have importance in history due to events, activities, or developments that occurred there.
5. Districts (地区): Areas of a country or city with a distinct identity or purpose.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is the capital of Japan?
2. Why is Tokyo considered vibrant?
3. Name two things Tokyo is famous for.

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (simple past)

A:

B:

I started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 I was working.
It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out)
I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
Kelly fell asleep while she was reading

Example Sentences:

1. I was visiting the Tokyo Tower when it started to rain.
2. Last year, I traveled to Tokyo and saw its historical sites.
3. We were exploring Shibuya district when we decided to try authentic Japanese sushi.

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 13　　 Japanese Gardens

Topic Question: “Why are Japanese gardens so famous? Can you suggest one to visit?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the elements that make Japanese gardens unique and renowned worldwide. Consider suggesting a specific garden that exemplifies these characteristics.

▮　Sample Answer
“Japanese gardens are famous for their tranquility and beauty. They use natural landscapes to create peaceful spaces. The Kenrokuen Garden in Kanazawa is a great example. It’s known for its seasonal beauty, especially in autumn and spring.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Tranquility (静けさ): Quality or state of being tranquil; calm.
2. Natural landscapes (自然景観): The physical landscape or environment that has not been modified by human activity.
3. Peaceful (平和な): Free from disturbance; tranquil.
4. Seasonal (季節の): Relating to or varying with the seasons.
5. Especially (特に): To a great extent; very much.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Why are Japanese gardens renowned?
2. What makes Kenrokuen Garden worth visiting?
3. In which seasons is Kenrokuen Garden particularly beautiful?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I was doing (past continuous)

A:

B: 　Was/were + -ing is the past continuous:

What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday? Were you working?
What did he say? I don’t know. I wasn’t listening.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining, and the
birds were singing.

C: 　Am/is/are + -ing(present) → was/were + -ing (past):

I’ m working (now). I was working at 10:30 last night.
It isn’t raining (now). It wasn’t raining when we went out.

Example Sentences:

“What were you doing when I called you yesterday?” “I was visiting Kenrokuen Garden.”
“It was raining, but the beauty of the garden was still evident. The flowers were blooming, and the water was reflecting the sky.”
“While I was walking through the garden, I felt completely at peace.”

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 12 　Natural Scenery

Topic Question: “Where can I see beautiful natural scenery in Japan?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Reflect on places in Japan known for their natural beauty. Consider different regions and the unique landscapes they offer.

▮　Sample Answer
“In Japan, the Kyoto area is known for beautiful natural scenery, especially during cherry blossom season. The Arashiyama Bamboo Grove and Kinkaku-ji’s surrounding gardens are breathtaking. Hokkaido’s national parks also offer stunning landscapes in every season.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Scenery (風景): The natural features of a landscape considered in terms of their appearance, especially when picturesque.
2. Especially (特に): Used to single out one person, thing, or situation over all others.
3. Breathtaking (息をのむような): Astonishing or awe-inspiring in quality, so as to take one’s breath away.
4. Stunning (驚くほど美しい): Extremely impressive or attractive.
5. Season (季節): Each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter).

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What area in Japan is known for its beautiful natural scenery?
2. Can you name a specific place in Kyoto that offers breathtaking views?
3. What does Hokkaido offer in terms of natural beauty?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I didn’t… Did you… ?
(simple past negative and questions)

A: 　We use did in simple past negatives and questions:

B: 　Do/does(present)→did(past):

I don’t watch television very often.
I didn’t watch television yesterday.

Does she go out often?
Did she go out last night?

C: We use did/didn’t+ base form (watch/play/go, etc.):

I played tennis yesterday, but I didn’t win.
“Did you do your homework?” “No, I didn’t have time.”
We went to the movies, but we didn’t enjoy the film.

D: Short answers

Did you see Joe yesterday? No, I didn’t.
Did it rain on Sunday? Yes, it did.
Did Helen come to the party? No, she didn’t.

Example Sentences:
I visited Hokkaido last year, but I didn’t see the national parks.
“Did you go to Kyoto during cherry blossom season?” “Yes, I did.”
We tried to visit Kinkaku-ji, but we didn’t make it in time.

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 11 　Historical Sites

Topic Question: “Can you recommend a historical site in Japan that tells a lot about its history?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider the historical sites in Japan you know about. Which one do you think offers deep insights into Japanese history?

▮　Sample Answer
“I recommend visiting Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. It tells the story of Hiroshima’s past and the importance of peace. The atomic bomb dome is especially moving. It’s a place where history is remembered and future generations learn the value of peace.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Historical site (歴史的な場所): A place of importance in history.
2. Insights (洞察): Deep understanding.
3. Moving (感動的な): Causing strong feelings of sadness or sympathy.
4. Remembered (記憶される): Kept in memory.
5. Generations (世代): All of the people born and living at about the same time.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What historical site in Japan do you recommend visiting?
2. What does Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park tell us?
3. Why is the atomic bomb dome considered especially moving?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

worked/got/went, etc. (simple past)

A:

They watch television every night.
(simple present)
They watched television last night.
(simple past)

watched is the simple past:

I/we/you/they
watched
he/she/it

B: The simple past is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:
I brush my teeth every morning. This morning I brushed my teeth.
Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.

cry→cried stop→stopped plan→planned

C: Some verbs are irregular. The simple past is not -ed. Here are some important
irregular verbs

begin →began fall →　 fell leave → left　 sell →　sold break   broke find  　 found lose 　　lost sit 　 　sat bring 　brought  fly 　 　flew  make 　made  sleep　 slept build　 built  forget 　forgot  meet 　met speak 　spoke buy　  bought get　　  got  pay   　paid 　 stand　 stood catch　 caught  give 　　gave　 put 　　put take 　　took come 　came 　 go 　  　went  read 　read  tell 　 　told do 　　did  have 　　had 　 ring 　　rang　 think  　thought drink 　drank　 hear　　 heard say　 　said win　　 won eat　　 ate  know 　  knew  see 　　saw  write  　wrote

●　I usually get up early, but this morning I got up at 9:30.
●　We did a lot of work yesterday.
●　Caroline went to the mo”1ies three times last week.
●　James came into the room, took off his coat, and sat down.

Example Sentences:
Yesterday, I visited the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.
Last year, we traveled across Japan to see various historical sites.
In the past, the samurai protected the cities. They wore armor and carried swords.

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 10 　Famous Landmarks

Topic Question: “What is the most famous landmark in Japan that I should visit?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider the landmarks in Japan you’re familiar with. Which one stands out to you as a must-see for visitors?

▮　Sample Answer
“The most famous landmark in Japan is Mount Fuji. It’s beautiful and iconic. Many people climb it for the sunrise view. It represents Japan’s natural beauty and spiritual significance. Everyone should see it at least once.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Landmark (ランドマーク): A recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation.
2. Iconic (象徴的な): Recognized as a symbol.
3. Climb (登る): To ascend or go up.
4. Sunrise (日の出): The time in the morning when the sun appears or full daylight arrives.
5. Represents (表す): To be a symbol or embodiment of.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is the most famous landmark in Japan?
2. Why do many people climb Mount Fuji?
3. What does Mount Fuji represent?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

was/were

A:　am/is (present)→was (past):
I am tired. (now) 　　　　　　I was tired last night.
Where is Kate? (now)　　　　　　Where was Kate yesterday?
The weather is nice today.　　　The weather was nice last week.

are (present)→were (past):

You are late. (now)　　　　　　You were late yesterday.

They aren’t here. (now)　　　　They weren’t here last Sunday.

B: 　Positive / Negative / Question

When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
We were hungry after the trip, but we weren’t tired.

Was the weather nice when you were on vacation?
Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive?

C: 　Short answers
Was Ted at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was.
Were Sue and Steve at the party?” “No, they weren’t.

Example Sentences:
●　Mount Fuji was beautiful yesterday.
●　The cherry blossoms were in full bloom last spring, but they weren’t blooming when I visited.
●　Was the view from the top of Mount Fuji breathtaking?
●　Were the streets crowded during the festival?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 9　　Japanese Television Shows

Topic Question: “Do you watch any Japanese TV shows or variety shows? Which one do you recommend?”

▮　Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about Japanese TV shows or variety shows you know or have watched. What makes them unique or enjoyable?

▮　Sample Answer
“I watch a Japanese variety show called ‘Gaki no Tsukai’. It’s very funny and creative. The challenges and games make me laugh a lot. I recommend it to everyone who enjoys humor and fun competitions.”

▮　Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Variety show (バラエティショー): A TV program with a mix of comedy sketches, music performances, and other entertainments.
2. Challenges (挑戦): Tasks or problems that test a person’s abilities.
3. Games (ゲーム): Structured forms of play, often undertaken for entertainment.
4. Laugh (笑う): To make sounds with your voice, usually while smiling, because something is funny.
5. Competitions (競争): Events where people try to win by being the best, the fastest, etc.

▮　Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What kind of Japanese TV show do you watch?
2. Why do you find ‘Gaki no Tsukai’ enjoyable?
3. Can you mention a specific segment or game from ‘Gaki no Tsukai’ that you found particularly funny?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I have.. . and I’ve got…

A: 　You can say I have or I’ve got, he has or he’s got:

B: 　I don’t have / I haven’t got, etc. (negative)

I have a bike, but I don’t have a car. or I’ve got a bike, but I haven’t got a car.
Mr. and Mrs. Harris don’t have any children. or … haven’t got any children.
It’s a nice house, but it doesn’t have a garage. or … it hasn’t got a garage.

C: 　Do you have … ? / Have you got ..? etc. (questions)

Do you have a camera? or Have you got a camera?
Does Helen have a car? or Has Helen got a car?
What kind of car does she have? or What kind of car has she got?

Example Sentences:
I have a favorite Japanese TV show. / I’ve got a favorite Japanese TV show.
I don’t have a preference for any particular genre. / I haven’t got a preference for any particular genre.
Do you have a Japanese TV show you like? / Have you got a Japanese TV show you like?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 8 　　Japanese book or author

Topic Question: Can you suggest a Japanese book or author I should read? What is the story about?

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about your favorite Japanese books or authors and the stories they have written. Consider why someone might find these stories interesting or important.

▮ Sample Answer
“I recommend ‘Kokoro’ by Natsume Soseki. It’s a deep story about friendship, loneliness, and the generation gap in Japan. It shows complex emotions and Japanese culture.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Recommend (お勧めする): To suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular purpose or job.
2. Friendship (友情): The emotions or conduct of friends; the state of being friends.
3. Loneliness (孤独): Sadness because one has no friends or company.
4. Generation gap (世代間の隔たり): Differences of outlook or opinion between people of different generations.
5. Complex (複雑な): Consisting of many different and connected parts.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What book does the student recommend?
2. What themes does “Kokoro” explore?
3. Can you name some emotions or concepts that are important in “Kokoro”?

▮ Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Do you… ? (simple present questions)

I am doing (present continuous) and

I do (simple present)

A: 　Jack is watching television.

He is not playing the guitar.

Is he playing the guitar? 　　　No, he isn’t.

Does he play the guitar? 　　　Yes, he does.

B:　Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time of speaking:

Tom is taking a shower at the moment. (not Tom takes)

C: 　Simple present (I do) = in general, all the time, or sometimes:

I work every day from 9:00 to 5:30.

Tom takes a shower every morning.

It rains a lot in the winter.

I don’t watch television very often.

What do you usually do on weekends?

D: 　We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):

like prefer love hate want need know mean understand believe remember forget .

Use only the simple present with these verbs (I want/ do you like?, etc.):



Example Sentences:

A: Do you read Japanese books?

B: Does she understand the story’s themes?

C: Do we always find the generation gap in stories?

Make Sentences based on the above Example Sentences Yourself:

アメリカ人が毎日使うスラング・イディオムを学ぶ！

ネイティブのように話せるようになるのも

“in no time”（あっという間）！

ネイティブのリアル英語  raring to go  今か今かと待ち切れない

「 今か今かと待ち切れない」って英語ではどう言うんでしょうか？

アメリカでは　　”raring to go” といいます。

raringは形容詞rareが由来ではなく、自動詞rear(up)「（馬などが)後ろ足で立つ」

の現在進行形から来ていると言われています。

フェラーリのエンブレムのように、「馬が前足を地上から上げ、後ろ足だけで立っている状態、

やる気満々」などの状態を表現しています。

●　例文 1

I’m raring to go!

もう行きたくてうずうずしているよ

●　例文 2

The children are raring to go play

子供たちは外へ出て遊びたくてうずうずしているよ

「raring to go  今か今かと待ち切れない」習得・攻略

ネイティブのリアル 英語：

I know you feel blah right now but after a good night’s sleep, I’m sure you’ll be raring to go!

学校で教わる英語：

I know you feel blah right now but after a good night’s sleep, I’m sure you’ll be energetic!

ネイティブのリアル発音:

I know ya feel blah right now bud after a good night’s sleep, I’m sher you’ll be rarin’ da go!

Raring を使ったその他のイディオム

これらのイディオムは、主に「やる気満々である」や「始めるのを待ちきれない」という状態を表現するのに使われます。

●　Raring for a chance
She’s been training hard and is raring for a chance to compete in the nationals.
彼女は懸命にトレーニングを積んでおり、全国大会で競うチャンスをうかがっています。

●　Raring to start
The team was raring to start after the pep talk from their coach.
コーチからの激励トークの後、チームは始めるのを待ちきれませんでした。

●　Raring for a fight
Despite the odds, the underdog was raring for a fight.
見込みが薄いにもかかわらず、その下馬評の低い選手は戦う気満々でした。

●　Raring to make a difference
Newly graduated, she was raring to make a difference in the world of renewable energy.
新卒で、彼女は再生可能エネルギーの世界で違いを生み出すことに意欲的でした。

同義表現

to be energetic (and ready to seize the moment).