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Lesson 9. 　　Education System

Topic Question: Can you explain the Japanese education system?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The Japanese education system is structured in a 6-3-3-4 pattern: six years of elementary school, three years of junior high school, three years of senior high school, and four years at a university or two years at a junior college. Education is compulsory up to junior high school. The system emphasizes uniformity and collective participation, with entrance exams for high schools and universities playing a critical role in determining students’ educational pathways. Additionally, moral education and extracurricular activities are highly valued, aiming to develop well-rounded individuals.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Compulsory (義務的な): Required by law or a rule; obligatory.

Voting is compulsory in some countries to ensure high participation rates.

2. Uniformity (統一性): The quality or state of being uniform; sameness.

The uniformity of educational standards across the country ensures that all students receive a similar quality of education.

3. Collective (集団の): Done by people acting as a group.

The project was a collective effort, with every team member contributing valuable ideas.

4. Extracurricular (課外の): Activities pursued in addition to the normal course of study.

Participating in extracurricular activities can enhance students’ learning experience and social skills.

5. Well-rounded (バランスの取れた): Having a personality that is fully developed in all aspects.

A well-rounded education includes not only academic studies but also arts and sports.

No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Entrance exams (入学試験)

Many students attend cram schools to prepare for the challenging entrance exams for prestigious universities.

2. Moral education (道徳教育)

Moral education in schools teaches students about ethics, responsibility, and societal values.

3. Educational pathways (教育の道)

Students often face difficult decisions when choosing their educational pathways after junior high school.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the emphasis on entrance exams affects students’ education and personal development? Is there a similar system in your country?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the role of education in shaping society. How does the educational system in Japan compare to that of other countries in terms of goals, challenges, and outcomes? What aspects of the Japanese education system could be adopted by other countries, and vice versa?

Lesson 8 　　　cherry blossom (sakura)

Topic Question: 　What is the importance of cherry blossom (sakura) season in Japan?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The cherry blossom season in Japan, known as “sakura,” symbolizes the transient beauty of life, a core concept in Japanese aesthetics. It marks the arrival of spring, bringing people together for “hanami,” the tradition of enjoying the fleeting beauty of the flowers. This season reflects the Japanese philosophy of appreciating the present moment, encouraging mindfulness and the celebration of new beginnings.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Symbolizes (象徴する): Represents something else, especially something abstract.

The olive branch symbolizes peace in many cultures.

2. Transient (はかない): Lasting only for a short period of time; temporary.

The transient nature of cherry blossoms reminds us to appreciate every moment.

3. Aesthetics (美学): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.

Japanese aesthetics often emphasize simplicity and natural beauty.

4. Mindfulness (マインドフルネス): The quality of being present and fully engaged with whatever we’re doing at the moment.

Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and increase happiness.

5. Renewal (新たな始まり): The process of being made new, fresh, or strong again.

Spring is a season of renewal, as nature awakens from its winter sleep.

No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1.Transient beauty of life (命のはかない美しさ)
The transient beauty of life is poignantly captured by the brief blooming of cherry blossoms.

2. Appreciating the present moment (現在の瞬間を楽しむ)
In today’s fast-paced world, appreciating the present moment can bring a sense of peace and contentment.

3. Celebration of new beginnings (新しい始まりの祝賀)
Each year, the cherry blossom season is a celebration of new beginnings, symbolizing hope and renewal.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does the cherry blossom season influence daily life and culture in Japan? Do you think similar traditions exist in other cultures?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the concept of impermanence in various cultures. How do different societies celebrate or acknowledge the fleeting moments of life? Are there any particular events or traditions in your culture that echo the sentiments of sakura season in Japan?

Lesson 7. 　　　Language

Topic Question: 　How is the Japanese language structured, and what makes it unique?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The Japanese language is structured around three main scripts: Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words and grammatical elements, while Katakana is used for foreign loanwords and onomatopoeia. Kanji, adopted from Chinese characters, represents words or ideas and is central to the language’s depth and expressiveness. Japanese is also unique for its levels of politeness, expressed through different verb forms and vocabulary depending on the social context and relationship between speakers. Furthermore, the language’s subject-object-verb (SOV) order distinguishes it from English and many other languages. The combination of these scripts, the emphasis on politeness, and its grammatical structure make Japanese a fascinating and complex language.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Scripts (文字): Systems of written characters used to represent spoken words.
The play’s scripts were distributed to the actors ahead of the first rehearsal.

2. Onomatopoeia (擬音語): The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.
“Buzz,” “murmur,” and “thud” are examples of onomatopoeia.

3. Expressiveness (表現力): The ability to convey feeling or thought through words, art, or gestures.
Her expressiveness in painting emotions is truly remarkable.

4. Politeness (礼儀正しさ): Behavior that is respectful and considerate of other people.
He is known for his politeness and always greets everyone with a smile.

5. Complex (複雑な): Consisting of many different and connected parts.
The human brain is an incredibly complex organ.



No. 3

Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Levels of politeness (礼儀正しさのレベル)
In formal meetings, understanding the levels of politeness in language use is crucial.

2. Subject-object-verb (SOV) order (主語-目的語-動詞の順序)
Languages with a subject-object-verb order often place the verb at the end of the sentence.

3. Central to (の中心にある)
Effective communication is central to maintaining healthy relationships.


No. 4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the structure of the Japanese language affects its learners, especially those from languages with different grammatical orders?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the challenges and joys of learning Japanese. What aspects of Japanese have you found to be particularly challenging or rewarding? How do you approach learning the different scripts and levels of politeness in Japanese?

Lesson 6. 　　Religions

Topic Question: 　What are the main religions in Japan and how do they influence Japanese culture?

No 1.

First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The main religions in Japan are Shinto and Buddhism, with Christianity and other religions also present but to a lesser extent. Shinto, Japan’s indigenous faith, is centered around kami (deities or spirits) and involves practices and rituals that honor the natural world and ancestors. It significantly influences Japanese festivals, rituals, and daily customs. Buddhism, introduced from Korea and China around the 6th century, has deeply impacted Japanese philosophy, art, and social customs. It emphasizes impermanence and the cycle of life and death, which is evident in cultural practices like Obon, a festival to honor the spirits of ancestors. While Christianity is less prevalent, it has influenced certain aspects of modern culture, such as Christmas celebrations. The coexistence and syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism have uniquely shaped Japanese culture, values, and aesthetics.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Indigenous (土着の): Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
The area is known for its rich variety of indigenous plants.

2. Deities (神): Gods or goddesses.
In ancient mythologies, deities were often associated with natural phenomena like thunder and rain.

3. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time; transitoriness.
The beauty of cherry blossoms is a reminder of impermanence.

4. Syncretism (融合): The amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.
The syncretism of local traditions and imported beliefs created a unique cultural landscape.

5. Aesthetics (美学): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.
Japanese gardens are designed with a focus on aesthetics, emphasizing harmony and balance.


No. 3

Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Centered around (を中心に展開する)
The community activities are centered around the local school and its events.

2. Significantly influences (大きく影響を与える)
Technology has significantly influenced how we communicate and access information.

3. Evident in (に明らかに現れる)
Her dedication to her work is evident in the quality of her projects.


No.4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the principles of Shinto and Buddhism are reflected in daily life in Japan? Are there similar examples in your own culture where religion influences daily practices?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore how religion influences art and architecture in different cultures. Can you think of examples where religious beliefs have shaped cultural expressions in architecture, festivals, or art in other parts of the world? How do these compare to Japanese examples?

Lesson 5. 　　Kimono and Yukata

Topic Question: Can you tell me about the traditional Japanese clothing, such as kimono and yukata?

No 1.

First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Traditional Japanese clothing, notably the kimono and yukata, plays a significant role in Japan’s cultural identity. The kimono, which means “thing to wear,” is a full-length robe known for its long sleeves and wrap-around design. It’s made from various fabrics like silk, and its patterns can signify the wearer’s status, age, and season. Kimonos are usually worn on special occasions like weddings, tea ceremonies, and festivals. On the other hand, the yukata is a more casual version of the kimono, made from cotton and primarily worn during the summer, especially at festivals and fireworks displays. Both garments are worn with an obi, a belt that ties around the waist. The art of wearing a kimono or yukata involves meticulous attention to detail, from choosing the right fabric to the precise manner of folding and tying.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Cultural identity (文化的アイデンティティ): The identity or feeling of belonging to a group based on culture.
Folk music is an important part of our cultural identity.

2. Wrap-around (巻きつける): Something designed to be wrapped around the body and tied.
She wore a beautiful wrap-around skirt that she bought from the market.

3. Casual (カジュアルな): Relaxed and unconcerned; not formal.
The company has a casual dress code, so jeans are allowed.

4. Obi (帯): A wide belt used in traditional Japanese dress.
Choosing the right obi can completely change the look of a kimono.

5. Meticulous (細心の): Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
Her meticulous nature is evident in the way she organizes her desk.

No. 3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Plays a significant role (重要な役割を果たす)
Education plays a significant role in personal development.

2. Signify (意味する)
The color of one’s kimono can signify many aspects of their status and personality.

3. Involves meticulous attention to detail (細部にわたる注意を要する)
Crafting traditional pottery involves meticulous attention to detail to ensure each piece is perfect.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you perceive the significance of traditional clothing like kimono and yukata in modern society? Do you think such traditions are still relevant today?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the globalization of traditional attire. Have you seen traditional Japanese clothing being worn or adapted in other cultures? How do you feel about the fusion of traditional and modern fashion elements?

Lesson 3. 　　New Year’s Day

Topic Question: How do Japanese people celebrate New Year’s Day?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

New Year’s Day, or “Shogatsu,” is one of the most important holidays in Japan, celebrated with various traditions and customs. Japanese people typically start the celebrations by eating “toshikoshi soba” on New Year’s Eve, symbolizing the crossing over from the old year into the new and hoping for a long life. On New Year’s Day, many visit shrines or temples to pray for good fortune in the coming year, a practice known as “hatsumode.” Families gather to enjoy “osechi-ryori,” special dishes prepared for the New Year, each with symbolic meanings for health, happiness, and prosperity. Homes are decorated with “kadomatsu” and “shimekazari” to welcome spirits of ancestors and bring good luck. The New Year is also a time for giving “otoshidama,” money gifts to children, enveloped in special decorative pouches.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Traditions (伝統): The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation.
We uphold our family traditions every Christmas by baking cookies and singing carols together.

2. Fortune (運命): Chance or luck as an external, arbitrary force affecting human affairs.
Many people wear lucky charms in hopes of improving their fortune.

3. Prosperity (繁栄): The state of being prosperous; wealth or success.
The country’s economy was booming, leading to greater prosperity for its citizens.

4. Ancestors (先祖): A person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.
I often wonder about the lives of my ancestors and the challenges they faced.

5. Pouches (袋): Small bags or sacks for carrying small objects.
I keep all my coins in a small leather pouch.


No. 3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Crossing over (越える)
The bridge represents crossing over from hardship to a place of safety and comfort.

2. Pray for good fortune (幸運を祈る)
At the beginning of each year, I pray for good fortune for my family and friends.

3. Symbolic meanings (象徴的な意味)
The ring is often seen as having symbolic meanings of unity and eternity in marriage ceremonies.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Do you have a particular tradition that resonates with you?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s talk about the importance of New Year celebrations around the world. How do different cultures reflect their values and hopes for the new year through their traditions? What unique New Year customs have you experienced or heard about that you find interesting or meaningful?

Lesson 1 : 　　Tea Ceremony

Lesson 2. 　　Samurai

Lesson 2. 　　Samurai

Topic Question: What is the historical background of the samurai?

No.1
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The samurai were the military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan. From the late 12th century, they became the highest-ranking social caste under the Japanese Emperor and the Shogunate. Originally, samurai were archers who fought on horseback, their role expanded over time to include leading battles and governing regions. They lived by the “Bushido” code, which emphasized virtues such as loyalty, honor, and discipline. The era of the samurai effectively ended during the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century when the samurai class was abolished in favor of a modern, conscripted army. However, the legacy and influence of samurai culture continue to be felt in Japan and around the world.

No.2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Nobility (貴族): The group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title.

In medieval Europe, the nobility owned vast amounts of land and had significant political power.

2. Archers (弓兵): People who use a bow and arrows.
   The archers took their positions on the castle walls as the enemy approached.

3. Bushido (武士道): The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai.
Bushido influenced the samurai’s conduct in both warfare and in peacetime.

4. Meiji Restoration (明治維新): The period in the late 19th century when Japan underwent rapid modernization and industrialization.
The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan from a feudal society into a world power.

5. Legacy (遺産): Something left or handed down by a predecessor.
The legacy of ancient civilizations can be seen in their art, laws, and structures.

No.3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Military nobility (軍事貴族)
   The military nobility played a crucial role in the governance and defense of the realm.
2. Leading battles (戦いを導く)
   Famous generals from history are celebrated for leading battles that changed the course of their nations.
3. Abolished (廃止される)
   The practice was eventually abolished after widespread criticism and calls for reform.

No.4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the values of Bushido have influenced modern Japanese society? Are there aspects of samurai culture that are still relevant today?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No.5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore how the image of the samurai has been romanticized in films and literature. Do you think these portrayals accurately reflect historical reality? How do samurai movies or books impact your perception of Japanese culture?

Lesson 1 : 　　Tea Ceremony

Topic Question: Can you explain the significance of the tea ceremony in Japanese culture?

No.1
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

▮　Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
The Japanese tea ceremony, also known as “Chanoyu” or “Sado,” is more than just drinking tea. It is a spiritual and philosophical ritual that embodies harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility. Originating in the 15th century, it reflects the Zen Buddhist principles and emphasizes the beauty of simple and transient things. The ceremony is meticulously planned and performed, involving specific utensils, attire, and procedures. Each element, from the preparation to the serving of matcha (powdered green tea), is symbolic, aiming to create a moment of harmony between the host and guests. It celebrates the art of hospitality and mindfulness, making it a profound cultural tradition in Japan.

No.2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Spiritual (精神的な): Relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul.
   Meditation is a spiritual practice that helps me find inner peace.
2. Philosophical (哲学的な): Relating to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
   We had a philosophical discussion about the meaning of life.
3. Meticulously (細心の注意を払って): Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
   She meticulously planned her trip to ensure everything went smoothly.
4. Symbolic (象徴的な): Serving as a symbol of something.
   The olive branch is symbolic of peace.
5. Mindfulness (マインドフルネス): The quality or state of being conscious or aware of something.
   Practicing mindfulness can greatly reduce stress and anxiety.

No.3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly

1. Embodies (を体現する)
This painting embodies the artist’s emotions during a difficult time in his life.

2. Zen Buddhist principles (禅仏教の原則)
The concept of simplicity in Zen Buddhist principles has influenced my lifestyle.

3. Art of hospitality (おもてなしの芸術)
Japanese culture is renowned for its art of hospitality and meticulous attention to guests’ needs.

No.4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What do you think about the philosophical aspects of the tea ceremony?

Do you see any value in incorporating such traditions into modern life?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No.5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss how traditional rituals like the tea ceremony can play a role in today’s fast-paced society. Can adopting aspects of such ceremonies help improve our quality of life or mindfulness in the modern world?

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