Lesson 11. Influence of Geography on Japanese Cuisine
Topic Question: How does the geography of Japan influence its cuisine?
No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself. The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
Japan’s geography, being an island nation with a diverse landscape, plays a significant role in shaping its cuisine. The abundance of coastline provides a vast variety of seafood, making it a staple in the Japanese diet, evident in dishes like sushi and sashimi. The mountainous regions contribute to the cultivation of specific crops such as wasabi and tea, while the distinct seasons influence the seasonal availability of ingredients, leading to a culture of eating what is fresh and in season. Additionally, Japan’s numerous rivers and clean water sources are ideal for rice cultivation, the cornerstone of Japanese cuisine. The geographical diversity of Japan encourages a rich variety of regional dishes, each with unique flavors and ingredients.
No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
1. Staple (主食): A basic or principal item, especially of food.
Rice is a staple in many Asian cuisines.
2. Cultivation (栽培): The process of trying to acquire or develop a quality or skill.
The cultivation of organic vegetables requires careful attention to soil and environment.
3. Seasonal availability (季節に応じた利用可能性): The period when a specific type of food is readily available and at its best quality.
The restaurant’s menu changes based on the seasonal availability of ingredients.
4. Cornerstone (基石): Something that is essential, indispensable, or basic.
Trust is the cornerstone of any successful relationship.
5. Diversity (多様性): The state of being diverse; variety.
The cultural diversity of the city is reflected in its wide range of restaurants and cuisines.
No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences
1. Abundance of coastline (豊富な海岸線)
The abundance of coastline contributes to the region’s rich selection of seafood dishes.
2. Eating what is fresh and in season (旬のものを食べる)
Japanese cuisine emphasizes eating what is fresh and in season for the best flavor and nutritional value.
3. Rich variety of regional dishes (地域料理の豊かな多様性)
Traveling through Japan, one can experience a rich variety of regional dishes, each telling a story of the local culture and geography.
No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How do you think Japan’s geography has contributed to the global popularity of its cuisine? Are there similar geographical influences on cuisine in your own country?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic Let’s discuss the importance of locally sourced ingredients in culinary practices. How does the concept of “farm to table” or “sea to table” enhance the dining experience? Can you think of any local dishes from your area that are influenced by geography?
Topic Question: What is the concept of “wabi-sabi”?
No. 1 First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
Wabi-sabi is a Japanese aesthetic philosophy that embraces the beauty of imperfection, impermanence, and incompleteness. Originating from Buddhist teachings, it appreciates the simple, modest, and natural aspects of life. “Wabi” originally referred to the loneliness of living in nature, away from society, while “sabi” meant “chill,” “lean,” or “withered.” Over time, these concepts evolved to celebrate the serene and subtle beauty in the flawed or ephemeral. Wabi-sabi can be seen in various Japanese arts, such as pottery, where the uniqueness of a crack or a rough texture adds value and character to the piece. It teaches us to find beauty in the transient nature of our world and to accept the natural cycle of growth and decay.
No. 2 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
1. Aesthetic (美学): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. The aesthetic of this garden captures the essence of Japanese design.
2. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time. The cherry blossoms remind us of the impermanence of life.
3. Modest (控えめな): Unassuming in the estimation of one’s abilities or achievements. Despite his success, he remained modest about his accomplishments.
4. Ephemeral (はかない): Lasting for a very short time. The ephemeral beauty of a sunset is what makes it so precious.
5. Transient (一時的な): Lasting only for a short time; impermanent. Travelers often have a transient lifestyle, moving from one place to another.
No. 3 Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly
1. Embraces the beauty of imperfection (不完全の美しさを受け入れる) True love embraces the beauty of imperfection, accepting flaws and all.
2. Appreciates the simple (シンプルなものを価値あるものと認識する) Living in the countryside teaches one to appreciates the simple pleasures of life.
3. Find beauty in the transient (移り変わりゆく美しさを見出す) As an artist, I strive to find beauty in the transient moments that others might overlook.
No. 4 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How do you interpret the concept of wabi-sabi in your own life? Are there aspects of your daily routine or environment where you can apply this philosophy?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No.5 Free Discussion on the topic Let’s explore how the concept of wabi-sabi could influence modern lifestyle and design. Do you think there’s a place for wabi-sabi in today’s fast-paced, perfection-driven society? How can embracing imperfection lead to a more fulfilling life?
Topic Question: What is “omotenashi” and how does it reflect in Japanese hospitality?
No. 1 First, try answering the question yourself. The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
“Omotenashi” is the quintessence of Japanese hospitality, representing a profound form of hospitality that anticipates and fulfills people’s needs without expectation of reciprocation. It is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, embodying respect, care, and selflessness in service. This concept is reflected in every aspect of Japanese life, from personal interactions to business dealings, and especially in traditional settings like tea ceremonies, where every detail is meticulously arranged for the guest’s comfort and enjoyment. “Omotenashi” shows the host’s genuine desire to ensure the guest’s happiness, making it a hallmark of Japanese culture.
No. 2 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
Quintessence (真髄): The most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.
Michelangelo’s David is considered the quintessence of Renaissance art.
Reciprocation (報いること): Responding to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one.
The kindness she received was met with reciprocation when she volunteered at the shelter.
Meticulously (細心に): In a way that shows great attention to detail; very thoroughly.
The craftsman meticulously restored the antique clock to its original condition.
Selflessness (無欲): Concern more with the needs and wishes of others than with one’s own.
Her selflessness was evident when she donated her savings to the charity.
Hallmark (特徴): A distinctive feature, especially one of high quality.
Innovation is the hallmark of their newest line of products.
No. 3 3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences
Anticipates and fulfills (予測し、満たす)
The hotel’s service anticipates and fulfills the needs of its guests, ensuring a memorable stay.
desire (真の願い)
His genuine desire to help others led him to a career in social work.
Hallmark of culture (文化の特徴)
Respect for the elderly is a hallmark of many Asian cultures.
No. 4 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How does “omotenashi” influence international perceptions of Japan? Can the principles of “omotenashi” be integrated into global hospitality practices?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic Let’s discuss the universal aspects of hospitality. How do different cultures express their unique forms of hospitality? Are there elements of “omotenashi” that could enhance hospitality practices worldwide?
Topic Question: Can you explain the Japanese education system?
No. 1 First, try answering the question yourself. The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
The Japanese education system is structured in a 6-3-3-4 pattern: six years of elementary school, three years of junior high school, three years of senior high school, and four years at a university or two years at a junior college. Education is compulsory up to junior high school. The system emphasizes uniformity and collective participation, with entrance exams for high schools and universities playing a critical role in determining students’ educational pathways. Additionally, moral education and extracurricular activities are highly valued, aiming to develop well-rounded individuals.
No. 2 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
Compulsory (義務的な): Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
Voting is compulsory in some countries to ensure high participation rates.
Uniformity (統一性): The quality or state of being uniform; sameness.
The uniformity of educational standards across the country ensures that all students receive a similar quality of education.
Collective (集団の): Done by people acting as a group.
The project was a collective effort, with every team member contributing valuable ideas.
Extracurricular (課外の): Activities pursued in addition to the normal course of study.
Participating in extracurricular activities can enhance students’ learning experience and social skills.
Well-rounded (バランスの取れた): Having a personality that is fully developed in all aspects.
A well-rounded education includes not only academic studies but also arts and sports.
No. 3 3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences
Entrance exams (入学試験)
Many students attend cram schools to prepare for the challenging entrance exams for prestigious universities.
Moral education (道徳教育)
Moral education in schools teaches students about ethics, responsibility, and societal values.
Educational pathways (教育の道)
Students often face difficult decisions when choosing their educational pathways after junior high school.
No. 4 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How do you think the emphasis on entrance exams affects students’ education and personal development? Is there a similar system in your country?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5 Free Discussion on the topic Let’s discuss the role of education in shaping society. How does the educational system in Japan compare to that of other countries in terms of goals, challenges, and outcomes? What aspects of the Japanese education system could be adopted by other countries, and vice versa?
Topic Question: What is the importance of cherry blossom (sakura) season in Japan?
No. 1 First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
The cherry blossom season in Japan, known as “sakura,” symbolizes the transient beauty of life, a core concept in Japanese aesthetics. It marks the arrival of spring, bringing people together for “hanami,” the tradition of enjoying the fleeting beauty of the flowers. This season reflects the Japanese philosophy of appreciating the present moment, encouraging mindfulness and the celebration of new beginnings.
No. 2 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
Symbolizes (象徴する): Represents something else, especially something abstract.
The olive branch symbolizes peace in many cultures.
Transient (はかない): Lasting only for a short period of time; temporary.
The transient nature of cherry blossoms reminds us to appreciate every moment.
Aesthetics (美学): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.
Japanese aesthetics often emphasize simplicity and natural beauty.
Mindfulness (マインドフルネス): The quality of being present and fully engaged with whatever we’re doing at the moment.
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and increase happiness.
Renewal (新たな始まり): The process of being made new, fresh, or strong again.
Spring is a season of renewal, as nature awakens from its winter sleep.
No. 3 3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences
1.Transient beauty of life (命のはかない美しさ) The transient beauty of life is poignantly captured by the brief blooming of cherry blossoms.
2. Appreciating the present moment (現在の瞬間を楽しむ) In today’s fast-paced world, appreciating the present moment can bring a sense of peace and contentment.
3. Celebration of new beginnings (新しい始まりの祝賀) Each year, the cherry blossom season is a celebration of new beginnings, symbolizing hope and renewal.
No. 4 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How does the cherry blossom season influence daily life and culture in Japan? Do you think similar traditions exist in other cultures?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5 Free Discussion on the topic Let’s discuss the concept of impermanence in various cultures. How do different societies celebrate or acknowledge the fleeting moments of life? Are there any particular events or traditions in your culture that echo the sentiments of sakura season in Japan?
Topic Question: How is the Japanese language structured, and what makes it unique?
No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
The Japanese language is structured around three main scripts: Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words and grammatical elements, while Katakana is used for foreign loanwords and onomatopoeia. Kanji, adopted from Chinese characters, represents words or ideas and is central to the language’s depth and expressiveness. Japanese is also unique for its levels of politeness, expressed through different verb forms and vocabulary depending on the social context and relationship between speakers. Furthermore, the language’s subject-object-verb (SOV) order distinguishes it from English and many other languages. The combination of these scripts, the emphasis on politeness, and its grammatical structure make Japanese a fascinating and complex language.
No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
1. Scripts (文字): Systems of written characters used to represent spoken words. The play’s scripts were distributed to the actors ahead of the first rehearsal.
2. Onomatopoeia (擬音語): The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. “Buzz,” “murmur,” and “thud” are examples of onomatopoeia.
3. Expressiveness (表現力): The ability to convey feeling or thought through words, art, or gestures. Her expressiveness in painting emotions is truly remarkable.
4. Politeness (礼儀正しさ): Behavior that is respectful and considerate of other people. He is known for his politeness and always greets everyone with a smile.
5. Complex (複雑な): Consisting of many different and connected parts. The human brain is an incredibly complex organ.
No. 3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly
1. Levels of politeness (礼儀正しさのレベル) In formal meetings, understanding the levels of politeness in language use is crucial.
2. Subject-object-verb (SOV) order (主語-目的語-動詞の順序) Languages with a subject-object-verb order often place the verb at the end of the sentence.
3. Central to (の中心にある) Effective communication is central to maintaining healthy relationships.
No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How do you think the structure of the Japanese language affects its learners, especially those from languages with different grammatical orders?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic Let’s discuss the challenges and joys of learning Japanese. What aspects of Japanese have you found to be particularly challenging or rewarding? How do you approach learning the different scripts and levels of politeness in Japanese?
Topic Question: What are the main religions in Japan and how do they influence Japanese culture?
No 1.
First, try answering the question yourself. – The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.
Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.
The main religions in Japan are Shinto and Buddhism, with Christianity and other religions also present but to a lesser extent. Shinto, Japan’s indigenous faith, is centered around kami (deities or spirits) and involves practices and rituals that honor the natural world and ancestors. It significantly influences Japanese festivals, rituals, and daily customs. Buddhism, introduced from Korea and China around the 6th century, has deeply impacted Japanese philosophy, art, and social customs. It emphasizes impermanence and the cycle of life and death, which is evident in cultural practices like Obon, a festival to honor the spirits of ancestors. While Christianity is less prevalent, it has influenced certain aspects of modern culture, such as Christmas celebrations. The coexistence and syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism have uniquely shaped Japanese culture, values, and aesthetics.
No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly
1. Indigenous (土着の): Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. The area is known for its rich variety of indigenous plants.
2. Deities (神): Gods or goddesses. In ancient mythologies, deities were often associated with natural phenomena like thunder and rain.
3. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time; transitoriness. The beauty of cherry blossoms is a reminder of impermanence.
4. Syncretism (融合): The amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought. The syncretism of local traditions and imported beliefs created a unique cultural landscape.
5. Aesthetics (美学): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty. Japanese gardens are designed with a focus on aesthetics, emphasizing harmony and balance.
No. 3
Key Expressions and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Example Sentences of Key Expressions Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Expressions Instantly
1. Centered around (を中心に展開する) The community activities are centered around the local school and its events.
2. Significantly influences (大きく影響を与える) Technology has significantly influenced how we communicate and access information.
3. Evident in (に明らかに現れる) Her dedication to her work is evident in the quality of her projects.
No.4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer Instructor: How do you think the principles of Shinto and Buddhism are reflected in daily life in Japan? Are there similar examples in your own culture where religion influences daily practices?
Student: [Opinions of students]
No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic Let’s explore how religion influences art and architecture in different cultures. Can you think of examples where religious beliefs have shaped cultural expressions in architecture, festivals, or art in other parts of the world? How do these compare to Japanese examples?
