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Lesson 35 　Ryokan

Topic Question：What are “ryokan” and how do they offer a traditional Japanese lodging experience?

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　

A ryokan is a type of traditional Japanese inn that offers guests an authentic experience of Japanese hospitality and lifestyle. Characterized by tatami-matted rooms, sliding doors, and communal baths (often hot springs, or onsen), ryokans provide a serene and culturally rich environment. Guests are usually provided with yukata (casual summer kimono) to wear during their stay, enhancing the traditional feel. Meals served in ryokans are typically kaiseki, a multi-course meal showcasing seasonal and local specialties. The experience is not just about lodging but immersing oneself in Japanese culture, from the architecture and interior design reflecting Japanese aesthetics to the emphasis on omotenashi, or wholehearted hospitality. Staying at a ryokan offers a glimpse into the traditional Japanese way of life, prioritizing harmony, respect, and a connection with nature.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Hospitality (おもてなし, omotenashi): The friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.

“Omotenashi, the Japanese approach to hospitality, is deeply ingrained in the ryokan experience, focusing on attentive but unobtrusive service.”

2. Tatami (畳): A type of mat used as a flooring material in traditional Japanese rooms, made of woven straw.

“Ryokan rooms are traditionally furnished with tatami mats, offering a unique texture and aroma that contribute to the authentic ambiance.”

3. Communal baths (共同浴場, kyōdō yokujo): Public bathing facilities shared by guests, often separated by gender, and can include hot spring baths.

“Many ryokans feature communal baths, providing a relaxing and communal space for guests to unwind.”

4. Kaiseki (懐石): A traditional multi-course Japanese dinner that emphasizes seasonal ingredients and presentation.

“Dining at a ryokan often includes a kaiseki meal, allowing guests to savor the intricacies of Japanese cuisine.”

5. Yukata (浴衣): A casual version of the kimono, typically made of cotton, worn during the summer or at home as a light robe.

“Guests at ryokans are often provided with yukata, enhancing the traditional experience and offering comfort and ease during their stay.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“A home away from home” (第二の家): A place where one is as happy, relaxed, or comfortable as in one’s own home.

“Ryokans strive to be ‘a home away from home,’ offering a warm and welcoming atmosphere that allows guests to feel at ease in a traditional setting.”

“Staying in a ryokan, with its meticulous attention to comfort and hospitality, truly feels like finding ‘a home away from home’ in the heart of Japan.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Reflecting on the sample answer, how do ryokans preserve traditional Japanese culture and values in their operations and services?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the significance of ryokans in promoting Japanese culture. Discuss how the design and architecture of ryokans contribute to their aesthetic and atmospheric appeal. Additionally, consider how ryokans compare to modern hotels in terms of the lodging experience. What aspects of staying in a ryokan do you think are most appealing to both domestic and international travelers? Finally, explore the challenges ryokans might face in maintaining traditional practices in the modern era and how they can innovate while preserving their cultural heritage.

Lesson 34　　 Traditional Sports and Martial Arts

Topic Question：What are some traditional Japanese sports and martial arts?

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　

Traditional Japanese sports and martial arts, known collectively as “budō,” have been an integral part of Japan’s cultural heritage for centuries. Sumo, perhaps the most famous traditional sport, is a form of wrestling that has its origins in ancient rituals. Kendo, or “the way of the sword,” involves dueling with bamboo swords and protective gear, reflecting the practices of samurai warriors. Judo, meaning “the gentle way,” is a martial art focusing on throws and grappling, emphasizing the principle of using an opponent’s force against them. Karate, which translates to “empty hand,” involves striking techniques using the hands and feet, and was developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom before spreading to mainland Japan. Lastly, Kyudo, or “the way of the bow,” is the Japanese art of archery, known for its ceremonial aspects and emphasis on precision, form, and meditation.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Budō (武道): The martial ways of Japan, encompassing traditional sports and martial arts with a philosophy that emphasizes self-improvement, discipline, and respect.

“Practicing budō, such as kendo or judo, is not only about physical training but also about developing character and understanding the spirit of the martial arts.”

2. Rituals (儀式, gishiki): Ceremonial acts or series of acts performed in a prescribed order, often with symbolic meaning.

“Sumo wrestling is rich in rituals that date back to ancient times, reflecting its religious origins and cultural significance.”

3. Grappling (組み技, kumiwaza): Techniques used in various martial arts that involve wrestling or close combat, focusing on gaining a physical advantage over an opponent.

“Judo is renowned for its emphasis on grappling techniques, allowing practitioners to defeat larger opponents by leveraging balance and leverage.”

4. Striking (打撃, dageki): The action of hitting or attacking an opponent, commonly used in martial arts such as karate.

“Karate teaches various striking techniques using the hands and feet, aimed at disabling an opponent quickly and effectively.”

5. Precision (精密さ, seimitsusa): The quality of being accurate and exact.

“Kyudo, the Japanese art of archery, values precision highly, requiring archers to perform with meticulous attention to detail and form.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Mind over matter” (精神が物質を制す): The use of willpower to overcome physical limitations.

“In the practice of traditional Japanese martial arts, ‘mind over matter’ is a fundamental principle, teaching practitioners to transcend physical limitations through mental discipline and focus.”

“The philosophy of ‘mind over matter’ is evident in Kyudo, where achieving the perfect shot is as much about mental concentration and clarity as it is about physical skill.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Based on the sample answer, how do traditional Japanese sports and martial arts contribute to personal and societal values in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the world of traditional Japanese sports and martial arts. Discuss the historical context of these practices and how they have evolved over time. Additionally, consider their role in modern Japanese society and the global martial arts community. What challenges do traditional disciplines face in maintaining relevance and interest among younger generations? Finally, explore the international appeal of Japanese martial arts. How have these practices influenced global perceptions of Japan, and what aspects of these martial arts have been adapted or adopted by other cultures?

Lesson 33　　 Nihonshu (Sake)

Topic Question： What is “nihonshu” (sake), and how is it traditionally consumed?

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　

Nihonshu, commonly known as sake outside of Japan, is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice. Its production process is unique and involves multiple steps: polishing the rice to remove the bran, fermenting it with water, yeast, and koji (a type of mold that breaks down the rice starch into sugars), and then pressing, filtering, and pasteurizing the mixture. Traditionally, sake is consumed in small ceramic cups called “ochoko” and served from a flask known as “tokkuri.” It can be enjoyed warm or cold, depending on the type of sake and personal preference. The serving temperature greatly affects the flavor and aroma. Traditionally, sake plays a central role in Japanese ceremonies and festivities, symbolizing purification and bringing people together.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Fermented (発酵された, hakkō sareta): Undergone a chemical process by which microorganisms like yeast produce an alcoholic beverage through the fermentation of sugars in the rice.

“Nihonshu is a fermented beverage, its unique taste derived from the careful process of converting rice sugars into alcohol.”

2. Polishing (精米, seimai): The act of removing the outer bran layer from rice grains, which is a crucial step in the production of high-quality sake.

“The degree of rice polishing affects the flavor and quality of nihonshu, with higher polish ratios leading to finer sake.”

3. Pasteurizing (低温殺菌, teion sakkin): The process of heating a food, usually liquid, to a specific temperature to slow microbial growth, ensuring the sake’s stability and longevity.

“Pasteurizing sake helps preserve its flavor and prevents spoilage, allowing it to be stored for longer periods.”

4. Ceremonies (儀式, gishiki): Formal religious or public occasions, typically involving a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.

“Sake holds a significant place in Japanese ceremonies, embodying purity and the spirit of communal sharing.”

5. Ochoko (お猪口): A small cup used to drink sake, part of the traditional serving set that includes the tokkuri.

“Sake is traditionally served in an ochoko, which is filled from a tokkuri, allowing for moderate consumption and appreciation of the sake’s flavor.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“The finer things in life” (人生の上質な楽しみ): Refers to the appreciation of high-quality and sophisticated experiences or items.

“Enjoying a well-crafted nihonshu is akin to appreciating the finer things in life, highlighting the importance of quality and tradition.”

“For connoisseurs, the ritual of drinking sake from an ochoko represents the finer things in life, a moment to savor the depth and complexity of flavors.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Reflecting on the sample answer, how does the traditional method of consuming sake enhance the experience of enjoying this beverage?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the world of nihonshu. Discuss the different varieties of sake and how they are produced, including the impact of rice polishing ratios, yeast strains, and brewing techniques on the flavor profile. Additionally, consider how modern innovations and global influences are shaping the sake industry today. What are some challenges and opportunities facing sake producers as they strive to maintain tradition while appealing to a global audience? Finally, explore the cultural significance of sake in contemporary Japan and how it is being reimagined in the culinary world. How is sake being integrated into modern dining experiences, both within Japan and internationally?

Lesson 32　　Japanese Gardens

Topic Question： Can you explain the significance of Japanese gardens?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

No. 1:　 Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.

The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　

Japanese gardens are much more than aesthetically pleasing landscapes; they are a form of art that reflects the philosophical and spiritual ideals of Japan. Rooted in Shinto, Buddhist, and Taoist philosophies, these gardens are designed to replicate natural landscapes in a more idealized form, promoting peace and tranquility. Elements such as rocks, water, bridges, and lanterns are not placed randomly but are carefully arranged to symbolize different aspects of nature and life, like permanence and the flow of time. The concept of “wabi-sabi,” appreciating the beauty in imperfection and transience, is also a significant aspect of Japanese gardens. They serve as a space for meditation and reflection, encouraging visitors to contemplate the deeper meanings of life and to find harmony with the natural world.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Aesthetically (美学的に, bigakutekini): In a way that relates to the appreciation of beauty.

“Japanese gardens are designed aesthetically to evoke a sense of beauty and serenity.”

2. Philosophical (哲学的, tetsugakuteki): Relating to or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.

“The design of Japanese gardens is deeply philosophical, reflecting the principles of harmony and simplicity.”

3. Tranquility (静けさ, shizukesa): The quality or state of being tranquil; calm.

“One of the main goals of Japanese gardens is to create an atmosphere of tranquility and peace.”

4. Wabi-sabi (侘寂): A Japanese aesthetic concept that finds beauty in imperfection and impermanence.

“The concept of wabi-sabi is central to the design of Japanese gardens, emphasizing simplicity and the beauty of aging.”

5. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole.

“Japanese gardens are designed to achieve harmony between man-made structures and the natural landscape.”

No. 3:　 Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A picture is worth a thousand words” (一画千言): Suggests that a complex idea can be conveyed with just a single image, or that an image conveys its meaning more effectively than a description does.

“A stroll through a Japanese garden is like witnessing ‘a picture is worth a thousand words,’ where every element tells a story of nature and harmony.”

“In understanding the significance of Japanese gardens, ‘a picture is worth a thousand words,’ as the visual experience conveys much more than words can express about their beauty and depth.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Based on the sample answer, in what ways do you think Japanese gardens reflect the cultural and spiritual values of Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further the cultural significance and various styles of Japanese gardens. How do different types of Japanese gardens (such as Zen gardens, stroll gardens, tea gardens) serve different purposes and reflect different aspects of Japanese culture? Additionally, consider how the principles behind Japanese gardens can be applied to modern landscaping and urban design. How do these gardens influence contemporary architecture and outdoor spaces? Finally, discuss the global appeal of Japanese gardens and how they have been adapted or recreated outside Japan. What aspects of Japanese gardens do you think resonate most with people around the world?

Lesson 31 　　Sumo

No. 1:　 Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　

Sumo wrestling is a traditional Japanese sport with a rich history that dates back over a thousand years. Its origins can be traced to the Shinto religion, where it was performed as a ritual to entertain the Shinto gods (kami) with the hope of ensuring a bountiful harvest. Early sumo matches were more about performing these rituals than the competition itself. Over time, sumo evolved into a professional sport during the Edo Period (1603-1868), with formal rules and a ring, or dohyo, being established. The sport has retained many of its ritualistic elements, including the purification of the ring with salt before matches, which reflects its spiritual roots. Today, sumo wrestling is not only a competitive sport but also a living testament to Japanese culture and tradition.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Ritual (儀式, gishiki): A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.

“Sumo wrestling originated as a ritual within the Shinto religion to pray for a good harvest.”

2. Harvest (収穫, shūkaku): The process or period of gathering in crops.

“The sumo ritual was performed as a form of prayer for a bountiful harvest, crucial for the agricultural society of ancient Japan.”

3. Evolve (進化する, shinka suru): Develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

“Over centuries, sumo wrestling evolved from a religious ceremony to a professional sport with established rules.”

4. Purification (浄化, jōka): The act of making something spiritually or ceremonially clean.

“The purification of the sumo ring with salt before matches is a tradition that honors the sport’s spiritual origins.”

5. Testament (証, akashi): Something that serves as a sign or evidence of a fact or event.

“Sumo wrestling is a living testament to Japan’s rich cultural heritage and traditions.”

No. 3:　 Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Stand the test of time” (時の試練に耐える): To remain useful or valued over a long period of time; to last a long time.

“Sumo wrestling has stood the test of time, maintaining its cultural significance and popularity in Japan for over a millennium.”

“The rituals and traditions of sumo, having stood the test of time, continue to fascinate not only the Japanese but people around the world.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Reflecting on the sample answer, how does the historical background of sumo wrestling contribute to its current practices and cultural significance?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the cultural and historical aspects of sumo wrestling. Discuss how sumo has adapted to modern times while preserving its traditional values. What are the challenges faced by the sumo industry today, and how are they being addressed? Additionally, consider sumo’s role in international sports and cultural exchange. How is sumo perceived outside Japan, and what can be done to promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of this sport globally? Finally, explore the potential future of sumo wrestling as both a sport and a cultural heritage.

Lesson 30 　Pop Music and Its Industry

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.

The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Japanese pop music, often known as J-Pop, has several unique aspects that distinguish it from Western pop music. One notable feature is the concept of “idol” groups. These are bands made up of young performers who are often trained for years by entertainment agencies in singing, dancing, and public relations. Another distinct characteristic is the wide variety of genres within J-Pop, from traditional Japanese sounds to modern electronic influences. The industry also heavily promotes cross-media projects, where music groups are involved in anime, dramas, and commercials, creating a multifaceted approach to marketing and fan engagement. Additionally, J-Pop artists frequently release singles with multiple A-sides, offering more new music with each release than is typical in the West.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Idol (アイドル, aidoru): A pop star, particularly in Japan, often young and cultivated by agencies for their image and ability to influence fans.

“Idol groups in Japan undergo extensive training before debuting, encompassing not just musical talents but also dance and public speaking skills.”

2. Genre (ジャンル, janru): A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

“J-Pop encompasses a diverse range of genres, blending traditional Japanese elements with pop, rock, and electronic music.”

3. Cross-media (クロスメディア, kurosumedia): Involving more than one medium of expression or communication, such as combining music with television, movies, or video games.

“Many J-Pop artists participate in cross-media projects, contributing to soundtracks and making appearances in anime and dramas.”

4. Engagement (エンゲージメント, enge-jimento): The act of being involved or engaged in something, particularly in terms of audience or fan interaction.

“The J-Pop industry places a high value on fan engagement, often holding events where fans can meet and interact with their favorite idols.”

5. A-sides (A面, A-men): The songs on a single or album that are promoted or considered to be the main tracks.

“J-Pop singles often feature multiple A-sides, providing fans with more content and variety with each release.”

No. 3:　 Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Break the mold” (型にはまらない): To do something in a new and different way that is not based on previous forms or styles.

“Many J-Pop artists break the mold by experimenting with unconventional music styles and creating unique personas that stand out in the industry.”

“By integrating traditional instruments into pop music, certain J-Pop bands break the mold, offering listeners a fresh and innovative sound.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Based on the sample answer, what do you think are the key factors contributing to the global appeal of J-Pop and its unique position in the music industry?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5:　 Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further the impact of J-Pop both within Japan and internationally. How do J-Pop and its idols influence fashion, language, and youth culture in Japan? Additionally, consider how the global spread of J-Pop compares to other international music phenomena, such as K-Pop. What challenges and opportunities does the Japanese pop music industry face in maintaining its uniqueness while appealing to a global audience? Finally, discuss the role of technology and social media in the promotion and distribution of J-Pop music.

Lesson 29 　　Christmas and Valentine’s Day

No. 1: 　Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.

The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer　－Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

In Japan, Christmas is more of a secular celebration focused on romance, illuminations, and Christmas cakes rather than a religious holiday. Couples often go out for romantic dinners, and streets are adorned with elaborate light displays. Christmas Eve is especially seen as a night for romance, somewhat akin to Valentine’s Day in the West. Meanwhile, Valentine’s Day in Japan has a unique tradition where women give chocolates to men. There are two types of chocolates: “Giri-choco” (obligation chocolate) given to male colleagues and friends, and “Honmei-choco” (true love chocolate) for a boyfriend or husband. Men then reciprocate on White Day, March 14th, by giving gifts to the women who gave them chocolates.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Secular (世俗的な, sezikutekina): Not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order.

“Christmas in Japan is considered a secular holiday, with a focus on festivities rather than religious observance.”

2. Illuminations (イルミネーション, irumine-shon): The lighting or lighting effects used in a decorative manner, especially to create festive or magical atmospheres.

“Major cities in Japan are known for their stunning illuminations during the Christmas season.”

3. Giri-choco (義理チョコ): Chocolate given out of obligation on Valentine’s Day in Japan, typically to coworkers or friends.

“Many women in Japan prepare giri-choco for their colleagues as a gesture of goodwill on Valentine’s Day.”

4. Honmei-choco (本命チョコ): Chocolate given to a loved one or someone for whom the giver has romantic feelings on Valentine’s Day in Japan.

“She spent hours making honmei-choco for her boyfriend, infusing it with her feelings of love.”

5. Reciprocate (返礼する, henrei suru): Respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one.

“On White Day, men reciprocate the gesture of receiving chocolates by giving gifts to the women.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“The more, the merrier” (人が多ければ多いほど楽しい): Used to say that a situation is better if a lot of people are involved.

“The more, the merrier, as seen in Japan’s Christmas and Valentine’s Day celebrations, where sharing moments with friends or loved ones is highly valued.”

“During the holiday seasons, such as Christmas and Valentine’s Day, the saying ‘the more, the merrier’ truly comes to life in Japan, with people enjoying the company of others in festive atmospheres.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Reflecting on the sample answer, how do you think the celebration of Christmas and Valentine’s Day in Japan reflects broader aspects of Japanese culture and society?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the cultural significance and evolution of Christmas and Valentine’s Day celebrations in Japan. How do these holidays compare to traditional Japanese festivals in terms of customs, food, and social interactions? Additionally, discuss how globalization might be influencing the way these Western holidays are celebrated in Japan and whether traditional aspects of Japanese culture are incorporated into these celebrations. What other unique holiday customs exist in Japan that reflect its cultural values and societal norms?

Lesson 28 　　”Tatami”

Topic Question: What is “Tatami” and How Does It Reflect in Traditional Japanese Homes?

No. 1: Introduction – First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.　　　　　　

Tatami is a traditional Japanese flooring mat made from rice straw and covered with a soft, woven rush (igusa). It’s a quintessential element of Japanese architecture, reflecting the culture’s emphasis on nature, simplicity, and functionality. In traditional Japanese homes, rooms are often defined by the number of tatami mats they can fit, indicating the importance of tatami in determining space and design. Tatami mats also play a crucial role in the aesthetic and atmosphere of Japanese interiors, providing a natural look and feel that promotes tranquility and harmony. Their use exemplifies the Japanese principle of finding beauty in simplicity and utility, influencing not just home design but also ways of living and thinking.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Quintessential (典型的な, tenkeitekina): Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

“Tatami mats are quintessential to traditional Japanese homes, embodying the simplicity and elegance of Japanese design.”

2. Emphasize (強調する, kyōchō suru): Give special importance or prominence to (something) in speaking or writing.

“Traditional Japanese architecture emphasizes harmony with nature, as seen in the use of natural materials like tatami.”

3. Tranquility (静けさ, shizukesa): The quality or state of being tranquil; calm.

“The texture and color of tatami contribute to the overall tranquility and warmth of Japanese interiors.”

4. Aesthetic (美的, biteki): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

“The aesthetic appeal of tatami lies in its simplicity and natural materials, which reflect the Japanese love for nature.”

5. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce chords and chord progressions having a pleasing effect; in a broader sense, a state of agreement or concord.

“Tatami floors create a sense of harmony in Japanese homes by blending seamlessly with other natural elements.”

No. 3:　 Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“In harmony with nature” (自然との調和): Living or existing in a way that is balanced and respectful towards the natural environment.

“Traditional Japanese homes, with their tatami mats, sliding doors, and wooden frames, are designed to be in harmony with nature, fostering a close connection between the indoors and the natural world.”

“By incorporating tatami mats into their design, Japanese homes achieve a living space that is in harmony with nature, promoting peace and tranquility.”

No. 4 : 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Considering the sample answer, how do you think tatami mats influence the way of life and design philosophy in Japanese homes?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further the cultural significance of tatami in Japan. Discuss how the production and craftsmanship of tatami reflect Japanese values. What changes are occurring in contemporary Japanese society regarding the use of tatami, and how do these changes reflect broader shifts in lifestyle and values? Additionally, consider the role of tatami in traditional ceremonies and events. How does the presence of tatami in these contexts underscore its cultural importance?

Lesson 27　　 Rice Cuisine and Culture

Topic Question: Can you explain the importance of rice in Japanese cuisine and culture?

No. 1: Introduction- First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Rice is not merely a staple food in Japan; it is a fundamental element of the nation’s cuisine and culture. Historically, rice cultivation has shaped the Japanese landscape, economy, and society. In cuisine, rice is the heart of many meals, served as plain steamed rice, sushi rice, or in various other dishes like onigiri (rice balls) and mochi (rice cakes). Culturally, rice holds a sacred place, evident in rituals and festivals like the New Year’s mochitsuki (rice-pounding ceremony) and in offerings at Shinto shrines. Rice symbolizes prosperity, purity, and renewal, reflecting its ingrained status in Japanese identity and traditions.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

• Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Staple (主食, shushoku): A primary or basic food item that is eaten regularly and in such quantities as to constitute a dominant portion of the standard diet.

“Rice is the staple food in Japan, essential to the daily diet of its people.”

2. Cultivation (栽培, saibai): The process of trying to acquire or develop a quality or skill.

“The cultivation of rice has deeply influenced the cultural landscape and agricultural practices in Japan.”

3. Sacred (神聖, shinsei): Regarded with great respect and reverence by a particular religion, group, or individual.

“Rice is considered sacred in Japanese culture, used in various religious ceremonies and festivals.”

4. Prosperity (繁栄, han’ei): The state of being prosperous; successful, especially financially.

“Rice symbolizes prosperity and is often used in rituals to wish for a bountiful harvest and general well-being.”

5.Renewal (新生, shinsei): The state of being made new, fresh, or strong again; the process of being renewed.

“The annual rice planting season is a time of renewal, marking a new cycle in the agricultural and cultural calendar.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“The salt of the earth” (地の塩) – Referring to someone or something that represents the best or most noble qualities of society.

“Farmers, who dedicate their lives to the cultivation of rice, are truly the salt of the earth, embodying hard work and dedication.”

“Rice, being fundamental to Japanese cuisine and culture, can be considered the salt of the earth within the context of its importance to the nation.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the importance of rice extends beyond food to influence social and religious practices in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into how rice has influenced Japanese culture and traditions. Consider the different varieties of rice and how they are used in Japanese cuisine. What are some regional specialties involving rice that highlight its cultural significance? Additionally, explore how modern trends in agriculture and diet are affecting rice’s role in Japanese society. How is the cultural reverence for rice being maintained or transformed in contemporary Japan?

Lesson 26 　　Mount Fuji

Topic Question: What is the significance of Mount Fuji in Japanese culture and spirituality?

No. 1: Introduction- First, try answering the question yourself.

The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Mount Fuji is not just a mountain; it’s a symbol deeply ingrained in Japanese culture and spirituality. Standing as the highest peak in Japan, it represents beauty, endurance, and the transient nature of life, reflecting the country’s aesthetic and spiritual values. Historically, Mount Fuji has been a pilgrimage site, embodying ascetic practices for Shinto and later Buddhist traditions. Its image pervades Japanese art, literature, and even daily life, symbolizing an ideal of harmony and balance. Furthermore, Mount Fuji’s regular appearance in woodblock prints and paintings has solidified its status as an icon of Japan, promoting a sense of national identity and pride. Its spiritual significance is also highlighted in countless festivals and religious ceremonies, emphasizing its role as a bridge between the earthly and the divine.

No. 2: Vocabulary Building- 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

• Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Pilgrimage (巡礼, junrei): A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.

“Many people make a pilgrimage to Mount Fuji, seeking spiritual enlightenment.”

2. Ascetic (禁欲的な, kinyokutekina): Practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline.

“Ascetic practices near Mount Fuji have a long history, with monks and pilgrims seeking solitude and spiritual growth.”

3. Harmony (調和, chouwa): The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole.

“Mount Fuji is often depicted as a symbol of harmony between nature and humanity.”

4. Icon (象徴, shouchou): A person or thing regarded as a representative symbol of something.

“Mount Fuji is an icon of Japan, recognized worldwide for its majestic beauty.”

5. Bridge (架け橋, kakehashi): Something that connects, supports, or links two things together.

“In spiritual terms, Mount Fuji acts as a bridge between the earthly realm and the divine, symbolizing ascension and enlightenment.”

No. 3: Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Stand tall” (堂々と立つ, doudou to tatsu) – To maintain an upright position with pride, despite challenges or adversities.

“Just like Mount Fuji stands tall amidst Japan’s landscape, we should face life’s challenges with resilience and dignity.”

“Mount Fuji standing tall against the backdrop of Japan symbolizes the nation’s enduring spirit and cultural pride.”

No. 4: Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer

Instructor: How do you think the physical and symbolic presence of Mount Fuji influences Japanese perceptions of nature and the environment?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: Free Discussion on the Topic

Let’s discuss the multifaceted role of Mount Fuji in various aspects of Japanese life, including its influence on art, religion, and national identity. How do you think the reverence for Mount Fuji reflects broader themes in Japanese culture, such as respect for nature and the pursuit of balance? Additionally, consider the impact of Mount Fuji on international perceptions of Japan. How does this mountain contribute to Japan’s image abroad, and what does it reveal about the global significance of natural landmarks?