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Lesson 55　 Seasonal Sales and Festivals

Topic Question:　 How do seasonal sales and festivals in Japan offer unique shopping experiences?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, seasonal sales and festivals not only reflect the country’s rich culture and traditions but also offer unique and exciting shopping experiences. These events are characterized by their limited-time offers, special discounts, and exclusive merchandise that attract both locals and tourists alike. For example, New Year sales, known as “Fukubukuro,” involve stores selling mystery bags filled with unknown items at significantly reduced prices. Similarly, seasonal festivals like Sakura (cherry blossom) festivals in spring or Autumn Leaf festivals in fall feature stalls selling themed goods, local foods, and crafts that celebrate the beauty of the season. These shopping experiences are further enhanced by the festive atmosphere, with decorations, traditional music, and performances, making them a must-visit for anyone looking to immerse themselves in Japanese culture and find unique items.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Fukubukuro (福袋): A Japanese New Year custom where merchants make grab bags filled with unknown random contents and sell them for a substantial discount.

“The excitement of opening a fukubukuro is unparalleled, as it offers shoppers the thrill of surprise along with great value.”

2. Themed goods (テーマ商品, tēma shōhin): Products that are designed around a particular theme or concept.

“Seasonal festivals often feature stalls with themed goods, from sakura-patterned items in spring to autumn leaf decorations in fall.”

3. Crafts (工芸品, kōgeihin): Items made by hand, which may be functional or decorative.

“Local crafts sold during festivals offer a glimpse into the region’s cultural heritage and artisanal skills.”

4. Festive atmosphere (祭りの雰囲気, matsuri no fun’iki): The lively and celebratory mood associated with festivals and special occasions.

“The festive atmosphere at these events makes shopping an enjoyable and memorable experience.”

5. Unique items (ユニークなアイテム, yunīku na aitemu): Products that are distinctive and not commonly found elsewhere.

“Tourists flock to seasonal sales and festivals in Japan in search of unique items that serve as souvenirs and gifts.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Once in a blue moon” – This phrase refers to an event that happens very rarely.

“Finding such unique items outside of Japan’s seasonal sales and festivals happens only once in a blue moon.”

“Seasonal festivals offer the opportunity to purchase rare crafts and goods that are available only once in a blue moon.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these seasonal sales and festivals contribute to the local economy and tourism in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore how the tradition of seasonal sales and festivals has evolved in Japan. How have modern trends and international influences shaped these events? Discuss the balance between commercialization and the preservation of tradition in these festivals. Additionally, consider the role of digital marketing and online sales in promoting these events, especially in reaching a global audience. How can Japan continue to offer unique shopping experiences that attract tourists while ensuring the sustainability and cultural integrity of these festivals? What future trends might we expect in the landsca

Lesson 54 　　Drugstores for Tourists

Topic Question: 　Why are Japanese drugstores so popular among tourists, and what are some recommended products?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese drugstores are a magnet for tourists, thanks to their wide range of high-quality, innovative, and often unique products. From skincare and cosmetics to over-the-counter medicines, snacks, and household items, these stores offer an extensive selection that caters to both local and international needs. The popularity of these drugstores among tourists is attributed to the reliability of Japanese products, which are known for their effectiveness, attention to detail, and packaging. Additionally, many products available in Japanese drugstores are exclusive to Japan, making them perfect souvenirs. The allure also lies in the shopping experience itself, which is characterized by clean, organized spaces, helpful staff, and the thrill of discovering new products. Some recommended products to look out for include Japanese sunscreen, beauty masks, green tea products, and unique snacks that offer a taste of Japanese innovation and quality.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Innovative (革新的な, kakushintekina): Featuring new methods; advanced and original.

“Japanese drugstores are known for their innovative products, especially in skincare and cosmetics.”

2. Reliability (信頼性, shinraisei): The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well.

“The reliability of products found in Japanese drugstores is a major draw for international tourists.”

3. Exclusive (独占的な, dokusentekina): Restricted to the person, group, or area concerned.

“Many health and beauty products are exclusive to Japan, making them unique souvenirs for tourists.”

4. Souvenirs (お土産, omiyage): Things that are bought or kept to remind you of a place, person, or event.

“Tourists often seek out exclusive drugstore finds as souvenirs to remember their trip by.”

5. Discover (発見する, hakken suru): Find something or someone unexpectedly or in the course of a search.

“The joy of discovering new and unique products is a big part of the appeal of Japanese drugstores.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Hidden gems” – This phrase refers to something which is extremely outstanding and not many people may know about.

“Japanese drugstores are full of hidden gems, from cutting-edge beauty products to unique health items.”

“Tourists often find hidden gems in the aisles of Japanese drugstores, products that become staples upon returning home.”

No. 4:　 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What makes Japanese drugstores different from those in other countries? Have you discovered any hidden gems during your visits?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s talk about personal experiences and discoveries in Japanese drugstores. What products were you most surprised by or have come to love? Discuss how these products reflect aspects of Japanese culture and innovation. Additionally, consider how the popularity of Japanese drugstores among tourists impacts local businesses and product offerings. How do you think the trend of shopping at Japanese drugstores will evolve, and what new product categories might emerge as favorites among international visitors? Share tips on navigating drugstores for first-time visitors to Japan.

Lesson 53　　Must-Buy Items for Tourists

Topic Question: 　What are some must-buy items for foreign tourists visiting Japan?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japan offers a rich tapestry of items that capture the essence of its culture, technology, and artistry, making it a paradise for shoppers. For foreign tourists, there are several must-buy items that range from traditional crafts to cutting-edge electronics. Japanese snacks, like matcha-flavored KitKats and Pocky, offer a taste of Japan’s unique flavors. Traditional crafts such as kimonos, yukatas, and intricate pottery pieces embody the country’s rich cultural heritage. High-quality skincare products from brands like Shiseido and SK-II are sought after for their excellence. Additionally, Japan’s advanced technology makes gadgets and electronics a top choice for tourists. Stationery enthusiasts will find a wide variety of meticulously designed items, including fountain pens and washi tape. Collectibles such as anime figurines and manga are also popular among fans of Japanese pop culture. These items not only serve as souvenirs but also as bridges between cultures, allowing tourists to bring a piece of Japan back home.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Crafts (工芸品, kōgeihin): Objects made by hand, often with traditional methods.

“Japanese crafts, such as pottery and calligraphy tools, are celebrated for their beauty and craftsmanship.”

2. Skincare (スキンケア): The range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions.

“Japan is renowned for its high-quality skincare products, incorporating advanced technology and natural ingredients.”

3. Gadgets (ガジェット): Small mechanical or electronic devices or tools, especially an ingenious or novel one.

“The latest gadgets from Japan often feature cutting-edge technology that is not yet available elsewhere.”

4. Stationery (文房具, bunbōgu): Materials used for writing, office work, or schoolwork, such as paper, pens, and envelopes.

“Japanese stationery is known for its quality, innovation, and aesthetic design, appealing to artists and professionals alike.”

5. Collectibles (コレクタブル): Items worth collecting because they are interesting, valuable, or rare.

“Anime figurines and limited-edition manga are among the collectibles that tourists seek out in Japan.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A taste of home” – This phrase refers to something that reminds someone of their home country or the comfort of home.

“Japanese snacks provide a ‘taste of home’ for many visitors, reminding them of their travels long after they’ve returned.”

“Bringing back traditional Japanese crafts can give one’s home a ‘taste of home,’ infusing it with the essence of Japanese culture.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these must-buy items reflect the diversity and innovation of Japanese culture? Which items do you think offer the most authentic experience of Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore how the popularity of certain items among tourists has impacted local industries and cultural preservation in Japan. Discuss the balance between commercialization and the preservation of traditional crafts. Additionally, consider how global interest in Japanese products has influenced international perceptions of Japan. What are some emerging trends in souvenirs and must-buy items from Japan? Share personal experiences or items you or someone you know has brought back from Japan, and discuss their significance.

Lesson 52　　 iconic films of Akira Kurosawa

Topic Question: 　What are some iconic films by Akira Kurosawa, and why are they important in world cinema?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Akira Kurosawa, one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema, has left an indelible mark on both Japanese and world cinema. His films, known for their epic storytelling, innovative techniques, and deep humanism, have inspired generations of filmmakers and audiences worldwide. Some of his most iconic films include “Seven Samurai,” “Rashomon,” and “Ikiru.” “Seven Samurai” is celebrated for its groundbreaking narrative structure and dynamic character development, influencing countless films and genres, including the Western remake, “The Magnificent Seven.” “Rashomon,” famous for its innovative use of multiple perspectives to tell a single story, challenged audiences’ perception of truth and reality, inspiring the term “Rashomon effect” in popular culture. “Ikiru,” a poignant exploration of the meaning of life, showcases Kurosawa’s mastery in portraying complex human emotions. Through these and other works, Kurosawa has contributed significantly to the art of filmmaking, earning a place in the pantheon of cinema’s greatest directors.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Epic (叙事詩的, jojishiteki): Grand in scale and scope, often involving heroism and adventure.

“Kurosawa’s ‘Seven Samurai’ is an epic tale of bravery and honor.”

2. Innovative (革新的, kakushinteki): Featuring new methods; advanced and original.

“‘Rashomon’s innovative narrative technique has influenced filmmakers around the world.”

3. Humanism (人文主義, jinbun shugi): An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.

“Kurosawa’s films are deeply rooted in humanism, exploring the complexities of the human condition.”

4. Dynamic (ダイナミック, dainamikku): Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.

“The dynamic character development in ‘Seven Samurai’ engages the audience throughout the film.”

5. Poignant (心を打つ, kokoro o utsu): Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.

“‘Ikiru’ is a poignant study of life’s meaning, demonstrating Kurosawa’s emotional depth.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Push the envelope” – To go beyond the limits of what is normally done or considered acceptable.

“Akira Kurosawa was known to push the envelope with his cinematic techniques, setting new standards for filmmakers.”

“Through ‘Rashomon,’ Kurosawa pushed the envelope in narrative storytelling, changing how stories could be told in cinema.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How have Kurosawa’s films influenced modern filmmaking, both in Japan and internationally? Can you identify elements in contemporary films that reflect his influence?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the themes and techniques that are characteristic of Kurosawa’s filmmaking style. How do these elements contribute to the timelessness of his work? Discuss the cultural and historical contexts of his films and their relevance today. Additionally, consider the global reception of Kurosawa’s films. How have they been interpreted and appreciated by audiences and critics outside of Japan? What lessons can current and future filmmakers learn from Akira Kurosawa’s approach to cinema? How does his legacy continue to shape the film industry worldwide?

Lesson 51　　Health Insurance

Topic Question: 　How do health insurance premiums work in Japan, and how are they calculated?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, health insurance premiums are a fundamental part of the healthcare system, which is divided into two main types: Employee Health Insurance for salaried workers and National Health Insurance for self-employed, unemployed, or retired individuals. Premiums are calculated based on several factors, including income, age, and the number of dependents, ensuring that contributions are fair and reflective of one’s ability to pay. For Employee Health Insurance, premiums are typically split evenly between the employer and employee and are based on the employee’s salary. In contrast, National Health Insurance premiums are determined by the individual’s income, residence tax, and the specific municipality’s policies, with adjustments for household size and income levels. This system aims to balance the financial sustainability of healthcare services with accessibility and affordability for all residents.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Premiums (保険料, hokenryō): The amount paid for insurance coverage.

“Health insurance premiums in Japan are essential for maintaining the universal healthcare system.”

2. Employee Health Insurance (健康保険, kenkō hoken): Insurance for people who are employed, with premiums shared between the employer and employee.

“Employee Health Insurance premiums are deducted directly from salaries, ensuring continuous coverage.”

3. National Health Insurance (国民健康保険, kokumin kenkō hoken): A system for those not covered by Employee Health Insurance, such as the self-employed or retirees.

“National Health Insurance premiums are calculated annually and can vary based on several factors including income and family size.”

4. Dependents (扶養家族, fuyō kazoku): Family members who rely on another family member for financial support.

“The number of dependents affects the calculation of health insurance premiums in Japan.”

5. Sustainability (持続可能性, jizoku kanōsei): The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

“The calculation of premiums is crucial for the sustainability of Japan’s health insurance system.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Spread the cost” – This phrase refers to distributing the financial burden across a wider base to make it more manageable for each contributor.

“In Japan, health insurance premiums ‘spread the cost’ of healthcare across the population, making it affordable for everyone.”

“By ‘spreading the cost,’ the health insurance system in Japan ensures that no one is burdened with unmanageable healthcare expenses.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does the system of calculating premiums in Japan ensure equitable access to healthcare? Are there any potential areas for improvement?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the challenges and benefits of Japan’s health insurance premium system. How does this system compare with those in other countries, and what lessons might be learned? Discuss the impact of demographic changes, such as aging populations, on the sustainability of health insurance funding. Additionally, consider the role of technology and policy reforms in enhancing the efficiency and fairness of premium calculations. How might changes in employment patterns, such as the increase in freelance and part-time work, affect health insurance coverage and premiums in the future? What strategies could be employed to adapt the health insurance system to these evolving economic and social trends?

Lesson 50　　 Chronic Diseases

Topic Question: 　Can you discuss the prevalence and treatment of chronic diseases in Japan?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, the prevalence of chronic diseases has been rising, largely due to the aging population and lifestyle changes. Major chronic conditions include heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes, with cancer being the leading cause of death. Despite these challenges, Japan’s healthcare system, known for its efficiency and universal coverage, plays a crucial role in the management and treatment of these diseases. The system emphasizes early detection and regular check-ups, with screening programs for cancer and other chronic diseases widely available. Treatment approaches in Japan often incorporate a blend of modern medical practices and traditional methods, such as dietary modifications and the use of herbal medicines. Additionally, public health initiatives focus on promoting healthy lifestyles, including regular exercise and balanced nutrition, to prevent the onset of chronic diseases. The government also supports research and development in medical technology and pharmaceuticals to advance treatment options.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Prevalence (普及率, fukyūritsu): The proportion of a population found to have a condition.

“The prevalence of chronic diseases in Japan is increasing, posing a challenge to public health.”

2. Screening programs (検診プログラム, kenshin puroguramu): Health care services that check for diseases before there are any symptoms.

“Japan offers extensive screening programs for early detection of cancer and other chronic conditions.”

3. Lifestyle changes (生活習慣の変更, seikatsu shūkan no henkō): Modifications to daily habits and behaviors to improve health.

“Adopting lifestyle changes is a key strategy in managing chronic diseases in Japan.”

4. Herbal medicines (漢方薬, kanpōyaku): Medicines made from plants, used in traditional medical practices.

“Herbal medicines often complement conventional treatments for chronic diseases in Japan.”

5. Public health initiatives (公衆衛生イニシアチブ, kōshū eisei inishiachibu): Programs and policies designed to improve health and prevent disease across a population.

“Japan’s public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases through education and prevention strategies.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A stitch in time saves nine” – This phrase means that solving a problem early will prevent it from becoming much bigger.

“Early detection through screening programs, a stitch in time, is crucial in managing chronic diseases effectively in Japan.”

“Public health initiatives promote lifestyle changes as a stitch in time to save nine, preventing chronic diseases before they develop.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How effective do you think Japan’s approach to chronic diseases is, especially considering its aging population? Are there areas for improvement?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the impact of cultural factors on the treatment and perception of chronic diseases in Japan. How do traditional beliefs and practices influence healthcare choices? Discuss the role of technology and innovation in treating chronic diseases, considering Japan’s position as a leader in technological advancement. Additionally, consider the social and economic implications of a rising prevalence of chronic diseases. How does this trend affect healthcare costs, insurance, and the overall economy? What strategies could be implemented to better address the challenges posed by chronic diseases in Japan and globally?

Lesson 49 　 Healthcare System

Topic Question: 　How does the Japanese healthcare system work, and how is it funded?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The Japanese healthcare system is characterized by universal coverage, ensuring that all residents have access to healthcare services. It operates under a social insurance model, where the system is funded through premiums shared by employers, employees, and the government. Patients are free to choose their healthcare providers and can visit specialists without the need for a referral. This system aims to provide high-quality, accessible, and affordable healthcare services to its population. Health insurance in Japan is divided into two main categories: Employee Health Insurance for those employed and their families, and the National Health Insurance for self-employed, unemployed, and retired individuals. The system is known for its efficiency, with relatively low healthcare costs compared to other developed countries, yet achieving high health outcomes. Additionally, the government plays a significant role in regulating healthcare costs by setting prices for medical services and medications to prevent inflation.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Universal coverage (全員保険, zen’in hoken): A health care system where all individuals have health coverage.

“Japan’s healthcare system is notable for its universal coverage, ensuring every resident has access to medical care.”

2. Social insurance model (社会保険制度, shakai hoken seido): A system where healthcare is funded through contributions from employees, employers, and the government.

“The Japanese healthcare system operates on a social insurance model, with costs shared among all stakeholders.”

3. Premiums (保険料, hokenryō): Payments made to insurance companies to provide coverage.

“Healthcare funding in Japan relies on premiums collected from the insured parties and their employers.”

4. Efficiency (効率性, kōritsu-sei): The ability to accomplish something with the least waste of time and effort.

“The efficiency of the Japanese healthcare system is demonstrated by its ability to deliver high-quality care at controlled costs.”

5. Regulate (規制する, kisei suru): To control or maintain the rate or speed of something so that it operates properly.

“The government regulates healthcare costs in Japan, ensuring medical services and medications remain affordable.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“In good health” – This phrase is used to describe someone’s well-being or the absence of illness.

“The Japanese healthcare system aims to keep the nation ‘in good health’ through its comprehensive services and preventive care measures.”

“Thanks to universal coverage, residents of Japan can maintain ‘in good health’ without the burden of excessive medical costs.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What are the strengths and challenges of the Japanese healthcare system? How does it compare to the healthcare systems in other countries?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve deeper into the implications of Japan’s aging population on its healthcare system. How is the system adapting to the increased demand for elderly care? Discuss the potential for technological innovations, such as telemedicine and AI, to improve efficiency and accessibility in healthcare. Additionally, explore the role of preventive care and health education in sustaining the health of the population. How do cultural attitudes towards health and wellness contribute to the overall effectiveness of the healthcare system? What lessons can other countries learn fro

Lesson 48 　Trends and Future Outlook of the Japanese Economy

Topic Question: 　Can you discuss the trends and future outlook of the Japanese economy and its impact on businesses?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The Japanese economy, the third-largest in the world, has shown resilience and adaptability over the years. It faces several trends and challenges, including an aging population, technological innovation, and globalization. The aging demographic has led to a shrinking workforce and increased social welfare costs, impacting economic growth and labor markets. However, Japan has also embraced technological advancement and innovation, positioning itself as a leader in industries such as robotics, automotive, and clean energy. The country’s approach to globalization has seen a balance between maintaining its cultural identity and adapting to global economic trends. Looking forward, the Japanese economy is likely to focus on leveraging technology to address demographic challenges, expanding its global market presence, and fostering sustainable practices to ensure long-term economic health. These factors will significantly impact how businesses operate, requiring adaptability, innovation, and strategic international collaboration.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Resilience (回復力, kaifukuryoku): The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.

“The resilience of the Japanese economy is evident in its ability to bounce back from recessions and natural disasters.”

2. Aging population (高齢化社会, kōreikashakai): A demographic trend where the proportion of people aged 65 and over increases.

“Japan’s aging population poses challenges for the workforce and healthcare system.”

3. Technological innovation (技術革新, gijutsu kakushin): The introduction of new technologies or methods that improve products, services, or processes.

“Technological innovation drives Japan’s leadership in several key industries.”

4. Globalization (グローバル化, gurōbaruka): The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

“Japanese businesses are adapting to globalization by expanding overseas and embracing international partnerships.”

5. Sustainable practices (持続可能な実践, jizokukanōna jissen): Methods or techniques that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources.

“The future of the Japanese economy may rely on adopting more sustainable practices to ensure long-term prosperity.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“At the crossroads” – This phrase signifies a critical point where a major decision or choice must be made, often leading to significant change.

“The Japanese economy stands at the crossroads, facing decisions that will define its future trajectory and impact on global businesses.”

“As it addresses demographic and technological challenges, Japan is at the crossroads, choosing paths that will ensure sustainable growth.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Considering Japan’s economic trends, what strategies should Japanese businesses adopt to thrive in the future? How can they balance tradition with innovation?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s delve into the potential global impacts of the trends in the Japanese economy. How might Japan’s economic strategies influence international markets and global economic policies? Discuss the role of Japanese businesses in leading technological innovation and sustainability efforts on the world stage. Additionally, consider the impact of Japan’s aging population on global labor markets and economic models. How can other countries learn from Japan’s approach to demographic challenges and technological advancement? Share your thoughts on how global businesses can collaborate with Japanese companies to foster innovation and sustainable development.

Lesson 47 　Nemawashi　（Corporate Decision-Making）

Topic Question: Can you explain the significance of “nemawashi” in decision-making processes in Japanese companies?

No. 1: Introduction –　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Nemawashi, a foundational element of Japanese business culture, is an informal process of laying the groundwork for proposed changes or decisions by talking to the people concerned, gathering support, and receiving feedback before any formal meeting takes place. This term, which literally translates to “root binding,” originally comes from the practice of preparing the roots of a tree or plant for transplantation, ensuring a smooth transition. In the corporate context, nemawashi ensures that by the time a proposal reaches the formal decision-making stage, consensus has already been built, and any potential resistance has been addressed. This process highlights the Japanese values of harmony, consensus, and respect for all members of an organization. It allows for a more democratic and inclusive approach to decision-making, where the emphasis is on collaboration and avoiding conflict.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Groundwork (下準備, shita jumbi): Preliminary or preparatory work.

“Nemawashi is about doing the necessary groundwork to ensure the success of a proposal or project.”

2. Consensus (合意, gōi): General agreement.

“The goal of nemawashi is to reach a consensus before any formal decision-making process begins.”

3. Feedback (フィードバック): Information about reactions to a product, a person’s performance of a task, etc., used as a basis for improvement.

“Gathering feedback during the nemawashi process is crucial for refining proposals and addressing concerns.”

4. Harmony (調和, chōwa): The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole.

“Nemawashi contributes to the harmony within Japanese companies by promoting understanding and agreement.”

5. Democratic (民主的, minshu-teki): Relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.

“Nemawashi allows for a more democratic approach to decision-making by involving everyone affected by the decision.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Smooth sailing” – This idiom is used to describe a situation where success is achieved without difficulties.

“Thanks to effective nemawashi, the new policy implementation was smooth sailing, with all team members onboard.”

“Nemawashi ensures that projects have smooth sailing by addressing potential obstacles in advance.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does nemawashi influence the speed and efficiency of decision-making in Japanese companies? Do you think this approach has more advantages or disadvantages?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the applicability of nemawashi in international and multicultural business environments. How can the principles of nemawashi be adapted or adopted by companies outside Japan to enhance their decision-making processes? Discuss potential challenges and benefits of implementing nemawashi in different cultural contexts. Additionally, consider the role of technology in facilitating the nemawashi process, especially in remote or distributed teams. How does digital communication impact the effectiveness of nemawashi? Share any experiences or observations you may have regarding informal consensus-building practices in your own work or study environments.

Lesson 46　　 Business Culture

Topic Question: 　What are the key characteristics of Japanese business culture?

No. 1: 　Introduction –　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese business culture is renowned for its unique blend of traditional values and modern efficiency, creating a distinct corporate environment that prioritizes harmony, respect, and meticulousness. Key characteristics include the importance of hierarchy, where respect for seniority and authority shapes interactions and decision-making processes. Consensus-building, or “nemawashi,” is crucial for making decisions, ensuring that all parties are consulted and in agreement before moving forward. Another fundamental aspect is the emphasis on long-term relationships over short-term gains, fostering loyalty and trust among business partners. Punctuality, attention to detail, and a strong work ethic are also highly valued, reflecting the commitment to quality and reliability. Additionally, the practice of exchanging business cards, or “meishi,” with both hands, signifies respect and acknowledgment of the other party’s status.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Hierarchy (階層, kaisō): A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

“Understanding and respecting the hierarchy is essential in Japanese business culture.”

2. Consensus-building (合意形成, gōi keisei): The process of reaching a general agreement within a group.

“Nemawashi is a form of consensus-building that involves informal discussions before formal meetings.”

3. Punctuality (時間厳守, jikan gengshu): The act of being on time.

“Punctuality is considered a virtue in Japanese business, reflecting respect for others’ time.”

4. Meishi (名刺): Business cards exchanged in a formal manner as part of business protocol.

“Exchanging meishi at the beginning of a meeting is a critical ritual in Japanese business etiquette.”

5. Work ethic (職業倫理, shokugyō rinri): The principle that hard work is intrinsically virtuous or worthy of reward.

“The strong work ethic in Japan contributes to the high standards of professionalism and diligence.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“The nail that sticks out gets hammered down” (出る杭は打たれる) – This proverb emphasizes the value of conformity and harmony within Japanese society, including the business environment.

“In the context of Japanese business culture, this proverb reminds individuals to value group harmony over personal ambitions.”

“Adhering to this principle, employees often strive to work cohesively rather than standing out, which is reflective of the collective ethos.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these cultural characteristics influence the global perception of Japanese businesses? What challenges and advantages do they present in international business settings?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s discuss the impact of globalization on Japanese business culture. How are traditional practices adapting to the demands of a global market? Consider the integration of Western business practices, such as flexibility and individualism, with traditional Japanese values. Additionally, explore how Japanese companies maintain their cultural identity while expanding internationally. What lessons can global businesses learn from Japanese business culture, especially in terms of building long-term relationships and commitment to quality? How can businesses balance cultural adaptation with the preservation of their core values in a globa