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Lesson 19 　　Castles

Topic Question: What are the historical and cultural significance of Japanese castles?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese castles, known as “shiro,” are not only architectural marvels but also symbols of Japan’s feudal history and cultural heritage. Built primarily during the Sengoku period, these castles served as military fortresses, residences for lords and samurai, and centers of government. Their strategic locations and construction techniques reflect the ingenuity of Japanese warfare and defense. Beyond their military function, castles like Himeji and Matsumoto are treasured for their aesthetic beauty, incorporating elements of traditional Japanese garden design and art. They play a crucial role in festivals and local traditions, acting as enduring symbols of the regions they reside in. Today, these castles stand as monuments to Japan’s rich history, attracting tourists and serving as sites of cultural education and pride.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Feudal (封建的な): Relating to the social system in medieval Europe, where people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return.

The feudal system structured much of historical society and politics.

2. Sengoku period (戦国時代): A period in Japanese history marked by social upheaval, political intrigue, and nearly constant military conflict.

The Sengoku period was a time of great change and is a popular setting for historical dramas.

3. Strategic (戦略的な): Relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them.

Choosing a strategic location for the new office was crucial for the business.

4. Aesthetic (美的な): Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

The aesthetic appeal of the garden makes it a peaceful place to visit.

5. Enduring (長持ちする): Lasting over a period of time; durable.

The enduring legacy of classical literature continues to influence modern writers.

No. 3
Key Idiom and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Key Idiom Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Idiom Instantly

“Stand the test of time” (時の試練に耐える)
The principles laid out in the constitution have stood the test of time.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the preservation of Japanese castles contributes to contemporary Japanese culture and identity? Are there parallels in how other cultures maintain their historical sites?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the role of historical structures in education and national identity. How do historical sites in your country contribute to cultural pride and learning? What measures are in place to preserve these sites for future generations?

Lesson 18 　　Work-Life Balance

Topic Question: How do Japanese people view work-life balance?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The concept of work-life balance in Japan is complex, deeply influenced by the country’s strong work ethic and the traditional value placed on dedication and hard work. Historically, many Japanese workers prioritized their jobs above personal time, leading to the phenomenon known as “karoshi,” or death from overwork. However, recent trends show a growing awareness and pursuit of work-life balance among the younger generation, who value personal time and well-being. The government and some companies have begun to implement policies aimed at reducing overtime and encouraging flexible working hours, reflecting a slow but noticeable shift towards a more balanced approach to work and life.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly


1. Complex (複雑な): Consisting of many different and connected parts.

Human emotions are complex and can vary greatly from person to person.

2. Dedication (専念): The quality of being committed to a task or purpose.

Her dedication to her studies resulted in excellent grades.

3. Karoshi (過労死): Death caused by overwork or job-related exhaustion.

Karoshi is a serious issue in Japan, prompting discussions on work culture reform.

4. Awareness (認識): Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.

There’s a growing awareness of the importance of mental health in society today.

5. Flexible (柔軟な): Capable of bending easily without breaking; willing to change or compromise.

Flexible working hours have contributed to a better work-life balance for many employees.


No. 3

Key Idiom and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Key Idiom Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Idiom Instantly

“Burn the candle at both ends” (両端からろうそくを燃やす、つまり過度に労働すること)
Working full-time while studying has me burning the candle at both ends.


No. 4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How feasible do you think it is to achieve a satisfactory work-life balance in Japan’s current work culture? What changes would you like to see to promote a healthier balance?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the impact of work-life balance on personal and professional development. How does your culture approach work-life balance, and what lessons could be learned from Japan’s experiences? What strategies do you employ to maintain your own work-life balance?

Lesson 17 　　Diet and Its Evolution

Topic Question: What is a typical Japanese diet, and how has it evolved?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The typical Japanese diet is renowned for its emphasis on fresh, seasonal ingredients, including a wide variety of seafood, vegetables, rice, and noodles. Historically, this diet was influenced by Buddhist principles, which encouraged a vegetarian lifestyle. However, the introduction of Western foods and cooking techniques in the Meiji era led to an evolution in the Japanese palate. Today, while traditional dishes like sushi, sashimi, and tempura remain staples, the diet has diversified to include meats, dairy, and other international cuisines. Despite these changes, the foundational principles of balance, moderation, and respect for ingredients persist, contributing to Japan’s low obesity rates and high life expectancy.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Seasonal (季節の): Occurring at or dependent on a particular season.

Seasonal fruits often taste better and are more nutritious.

2. Vegetarian (菜食主義の): A person who does not eat meat or fish, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons.

Becoming a vegetarian has led me to discover a variety of new and delicious vegetables.

3. Palate (味覚): A person’s ability to taste and enjoy food.

Traveling abroad can greatly expand your palate.

4. Staples (主食): Basic or principal food items.

Rice and beans are staples in many cultures around the world.

5. Diversified (多様化した): Made or became more diverse or varied.

The company has diversified its product line to include digital services.

No. 3
Key Idiom and Example Sentences – Pronounce the Key Idiom Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Key Idiom Instantly

“Breaking bread” (食事を共にする)
Breaking bread with people from different cultures has taught me a lot about tolerance and understanding.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Considering the evolution of the Japanese diet, what aspects do you think should be preserved, and what could be improved upon? How does the Japanese diet compare to dietary trends in your country?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the impact of globalization on traditional diets. How have global food trends influenced the eating habits in your country? Do you think the benefits of a diversified diet outweigh the potential loss of traditional food practices?

Lesson 16 　　”Kawaii”

Topic Question: Can you explain the concept of “kawaii” and its significance in Japanese culture?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer－ Let’s read aloud　－　Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

The concept of “kawaii” in Japanese culture encompasses more than just the notion of cuteness; it represents an aesthetic that can be found in everything from fashion and art to everyday objects and public behavior. Kawaii has its roots in the rebellion against traditional norms, offering a way to express individuality and non-conformity through adorable designs and characters. It holds significant influence in Japanese media, including anime, manga, and idol culture, shaping consumer preferences and global perceptions of Japanese pop culture. Beyond mere aesthetics, kawaii embodies a deeper cultural value of innocence, youthfulness, and positivity, making it a pervasive element of Japanese society.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

1. Aesthetic (美的): Pertaining to beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

The minimalist aesthetic of the room brings a sense of calm and order.

2. Rebellion (反抗): An act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler.

The designer’s bold colors and unconventional shapes were seen as a rebellion against traditional fashion.

3. Non-conformity (非遵守): Failure or refusal to conform to a prevailing rule or practice.

Her choice of quirky accessories is a statement of non-conformity.

4. Idol culture (アイドル文化): A phenomenon in popular culture, typically in music and entertainment, where young performers are idolized by fans.

Idol culture has a massive following, with fans dedicating time and resources to support their favorite stars.

5. Pervasive (普及している): Spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.

Smartphones have become so pervasive that it’s hard to imagine life without them.

No. 3
Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Breaking the mold” (型破り)
By introducing kawaii elements into traditional art, the artist is breaking the mold and attracting a younger audience.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think the concept of kawaii influences international views on Japan? Do you believe the kawaii culture has the potential to change societal norms beyond Japanese borders?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the globalization of the kawaii aesthetic. How has kawaii culture been adopted or adapted in your country? Are there any local trends or products inspired by kawaii? How does kawaii compare to similar concepts of cuteness in other cultures?

Lesson 15: 　　Technology

Topic Question: How has Japanese technology impacted the world?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese technology has had a profound impact on the global stage, leading innovations in electronics, automotive, robotics, and more. Japan is renowned for producing high-quality, reliable electronics, from pioneering the first portable music players to leading the way in digital cameras and gaming consoles. In the automotive industry, Japanese manufacturers are at the forefront of developing hybrid and electric vehicles, contributing significantly to the shift towards more sustainable transportation. Robotics is another area where Japan excels, with advancements in humanoid robots and automation technologies that have applications in healthcare, manufacturing, and personal assistance. Additionally, Japan’s bullet trains, known as Shinkansen, revolutionized high-speed rail travel, setting a benchmark for efficiency and safety. Through these contributions, Japanese technology has not only advanced industry standards but also improved daily life for people around the world.

No. 2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Innovations (革新): New methods, ideas, or products.

The tech industry thrives on innovations that challenge the status quo.

2. Renowned (有名な): Known or talked about by many people; famous.

The chef is renowned for his creative approach to traditional dishes.

3. Sustainable (持続可能な): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Sustainable practices are essential for preserving our planet for future generations.

4. Humanoid robots (ヒューマノイドロボット): Robots with its body shape built to resemble the human body.

Humanoid robots are increasingly being used in research and entertainment.

5. Benchmark (ベンチマーク): A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared.

The software set a new benchmark for graphic design programs.

No.3
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: Considering the vast array of technological advancements originating from Japan, which do you think has been the most influential globally? Why?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No.4
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s delve into the future of technology. How do you envision Japanese innovations continuing to shape global technology trends? Are there specific areas or industries where you anticipate significant Japanese contributions in the coming years?

Lesson 14. Calligraphy (書道）

Topic Question: What role does calligraphy play in Japanese culture?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japanese culture, calligraphy, or “shodo,” is more than just a way of writing; it’s considered an art form and a spiritual practice. It involves the careful and expressive use of brush and ink to create characters that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also convey deep meaning. Calligraphy plays a significant role in Japanese society, being an essential part of education and a revered art that reflects the writer’s discipline, character, and aesthetic sense. It is used in various aspects of daily life, from traditional ceremonies and artworks to personal correspondence and decorations. The practice of shodo helps in cultivating patience, concentration, and a mindful approach to life, embodying the Zen philosophy of simplicity and self-expression.

No.2
5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Art form (芸術形式): A type of artistic activity that is considered a form of creative expression.

Sculpture is an art form that has been used throughout history to express beauty and convey messages.

2. Spiritual practice (精神的実践): An activity or exercise performed to develop spiritual awareness and growth.

Meditation is a popular spiritual practice that helps individuals find inner peace.

3. Aesthetically pleasing (美的に喜ばしい): Appealing to the sense of beauty.

The design of the garden is aesthetically pleasing, with its harmonious blend of colors and textures.

4. Revered (崇敬される): Regarded with deep respect and admiration.

The veteran teacher was revered by students and colleagues alike for her dedication to education.

5. Mindful approach (心をこめたアプローチ): Acting with awareness and attentiveness.

Taking a mindful approach to eating can enhance the enjoyment of meals and promote better digestion.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you perceive the impact of calligraphy on modern Japanese culture? Do you think traditional arts like calligraphy are still relevant in today’s digital age?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 4
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore the preservation and innovation of traditional arts in contemporary society. How are traditional practices like calligraphy being adapted or integrated into modern life? Can you think of examples where traditional and modern elements are combined to create something new?

Lesson 13. 　　Art of Ikebana

Topic Question: Can you describe the traditional Japanese art of ikebana?

No. 1
First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Ikebana is the Japanese art of flower arrangement, distinguished by its disciplined form and emphasis on shape, line, and form. Unlike merely decorative flower arrangements, ikebana seeks to bring out the inner qualities of flowers and other natural elements, creating a harmonious composition that reflects the beauty and impermanence of life. This art form dates back to the 7th century when floral offerings were made at altars. Over time, it evolved into a more stylized form of expression, deeply rooted in Zen Buddhism, emphasizing minimalism, asymmetry, and the importance of space in the arrangement. Ikebana is not just an art; it’s a meditative practice that fosters a deep connection with nature and cultivates patience, discipline, and a sense of beauty.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Disciplined (規律のある): Showing a controlled form of behavior or way of working.

His disciplined approach to training has made him one of the top athletes in his field.

2. Harmonious (調和のとれた): Forming a pleasing or consistent whole.

The harmonious design of the garden brought a sense of calm and peace.

3. Impermanence (無常): The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.

The art of ikebana teaches us to appreciate the impermanence of beauty.

4. Minimalism (ミニマリズム): A style or technique that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.

She prefers the minimalism of contemporary architecture, with its clean lines and functional design.

5. Asymmetry (非対称): Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

Asymmetry in art can often make compositions more dynamic and interesting.

No. 3
3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Inner qualities (内面の質):

Ikebana is about highlighting the inner qualities of flowers, not just their external beauty.

2. Reflects the beauty (美しさを反映する):

A well-crafted poem reflects the beauty and complexity of human emotions.

3. Deep connection with nature (自然との深いつながり):

Spending time in the mountains fosters a deep connection with nature and its rhythms.

No. 4
Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does ikebana compare to other forms of artistic expression in terms of its philosophy and practice? Do you think there are similar art forms in other cultures?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5
Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s discuss the role of nature in art and how it influences various cultural expressions. How do you think integrating elements of nature into our daily lives, such as through ikebana, can impact our well-being and perspective on life?

Lesson 12. 　　Festivals and Their Origins

Topic Question: What are some popular Japanese festivals and their origins?

No. 1

First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud – The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese festivals, known as “matsuri,” are deeply rooted in the country’s culture and history, reflecting the community’s beliefs, seasons, and historical events. One of the most iconic is the “Gion Matsuri” in Kyoto, originating from a purification ritual to appease the gods during an epidemic in the 9th century. Another significant festival is “Tanabata,” based on a Chinese legend, celebrated by writing wishes on tanzaku and hanging them on bamboo. The “Sapporo Snow Festival” showcases magnificent ice sculptures, attracting visitors worldwide, symbolizing the embrace of winter’s beauty. Each festival, from the “Awa Odori” dance festival in Tokushima to the “Kanda Matsuri” in Tokyo, carries unique traditions and stories, contributing to Japan’s rich cultural tapestry.

No. 2

5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings – Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Matsuri (祭り): Festival; a celebration of traditional Japanese culture, often involving processions, performances, and street food.

Every summer, our town holds a matsuri, where everyone gathers to enjoy traditional dances and food.

2. Purification (浄化): The act of cleaning by removing impurities.

The purification ceremony at the temple was a solemn and beautiful event.

3. Tanzaku (短冊): Small pieces of paper on which people write wishes during the Tanabata festival.

Children and adults alike write their wishes on tanzaku and hang them on bamboo trees during Tanabata.

4. Magnificent (壮大な): Impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant.

The magnificent castle stood tall, overlooking the entire city.

5. Tapestry (タペストリー): Something that is complex or detailed in a way that is interesting and attractive.

The cultural tapestry of the country is woven from its diverse languages, traditions, and customs.


No. 3

3 Key Phrases and Example Sentences

1. Rooted in culture (文化に根ざす)

The practice of tea ceremony is deeply rooted in Japanese culture as a symbol of hospitality and tranquility.

2. Epidemic (流行病)

Historical records show that the city organized a large festival to protect its citizens from an epidemic.

3. Symbolizing the embrace (受け入れを象徴する)

The lighting of lanterns during the festival symbolizes the embrace of peace and hope for the community.



No. 4

Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think festivals like “Gion Matsuri” and “Sapporo Snow Festival” contribute to community and tourism in Japan? Can you think of festivals in other countries with a similar impact?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5

Free Discussion on the topic
Let’s explore the significance of festivals in preserving cultural identity. How do traditional celebrations adapt to modern times while retaining their historical essence? Are there any local or regional festivals in your area that hold a special meaning for the community?

ZOOM ご利用の方はこちら

　　初めての講師なのにコンタクトリクエストが届かない、講師からコールがない場合に、

　　緊急対応として、マイページ「講師への連絡」から「スカイプ コール アイコン」を使い

　　レッスンに参加することができます。

　　

　　ただし、スカイプ　コール アイコンからのレッスンでは、レッスン時間が多少短くなります

　　のでご了承ください。

　　※　スカイプ コール アイコンは緊急時だけご利用ください。

スカイプ　コール アイコン ご利用方法

1. 　マイページ　「講師への連絡」をクリックする。

レッスン時間までに受講者が(注釈)コンタクトリクエストを承認していない場合や、スカイプコールを受信しない場合、講師は「講師への連絡」からメッセージを送ります。講師からメッセージが届くと「(1) 講師への連絡」 のように数字が表示されます。

※注釈：コンタクトリクエストとは初めての通話者に対しZOOM通話の許可を得るためのリクエストです。（一時的なZOOM不具合などの原因で受講者に届かない場合があります）

2. 講師からのメッセージに返答して、Skype コール アイコンをクリックする。

　　 ※　直接 Skype コール アイコンをクリックしても構いません。

3. Skype へのアクセスを許可すると、講師の Skype へ繋がります。

スカイプをご利用の方はこちら

　　初めての講師なのにコンタクトリクエストが届かない、講師からコールがない場合に、

　　緊急対応として、マイページ「講師への連絡」から「ZOOM コール アイコン」を使いレッスンに

　　参加することができます。

　　

　　ただし、ZOOM　コールアイコンからのレッスンでは、通常のZOOM機能に以下の制限がかかり

　　ますのでご了承ください。

　　●　教材ファイルの送受信ができません。

　　●　ZOOM チャットボックスの交信履歴が残らない（レッスン中だけの利用）

　　※　ZOOM　コール アイコンは緊急時だけご利用ください。

ZOOM　コール アイコン ご利用方法

1. 　マイページ　「講師への連絡」をクリックする。

レッスン時間までに受講者がコンタクトリクエスト(注釈）を承認していない場合や、ZOOMコールを受信しない場合、講師は「講師への連絡」からメッセージを送ります。講師からメッセージが届くと「(1) 講師への連絡」 のように数字が表示されます。

※注釈：コンタクトリクエストとは初めての通話者に対しZOOM通話の許可を得るためのリクエストです。（一時的なZOOM不具合などの原因で受講者に届かない場合があります）

2. 講師からのメッセージに返答して、ZOOM　コール アイコンをクリックする。

　　 ※　直接ZOOM コール アイコンをクリックしても構いません。

3. ZOOM Meeting へのアクセスを許可すると、講師のZOOMに繋がります。