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Lesson 60　　 Immigration and Integration

Topic Question：How does Japan handle issues related to immigration and integration of foreign workers?

No. 1: 　Introduction－Try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japan’s approach to handling issues related to immigration and the integration of foreign workers involves a delicate balance between addressing labor shortages and maintaining social cohesion. With an aging population and declining birthrate, Japan has recognized the need to welcome foreign workers. However, the country has historically been cautious about immigration. To integrate foreign workers, Japan has implemented various programs focusing on language training, cultural assimilation, and professional development, aiming to create a mutually beneficial environment for both the country and the immigrants.

No. 2:　 Vocabulary Building－5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Balance (バランス, baransu): A situation in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions.

“Japan strives to find a balance between welcoming foreign workers and preserving its cultural identity.”

2. Labor shortage (労働力不足, rōdōryoku fusoku): A situation where there are not enough workers to fill the available jobs.

“The labor shortage in certain sectors has pushed Japan to open its doors to more foreign workers.”

3. Social cohesion (社会的結束, shakai-teki kessoku): The willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other in order to survive and prosper.

“Maintaining social cohesion is a priority for Japan as it integrates a growing number of foreign workers.”

4. Cultural assimilation (文化的同化, bunka-teki dōka): The process by which a person or a group’s language and, or culture come to resemble those of another group.

“Cultural assimilation programs help foreign workers adapt to Japanese society, easing the integration process.”

5. Mutually beneficial (相互に有益な, sōgo ni yūeki na): A situation or agreement that is advantageous for all parties involved.

“The goal is to create a mutually beneficial relationship between Japan and its foreign workers, where both can thrive.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“A two-edged sword” (両刃の剣, ryōjin no ken) – A situation or decision that has both positive and negative consequences.

“Japan’s policy on foreign workers is a two-edged sword, potentially boosting the economy while posing challenges for societal integration.”

“The integration of foreign workers in Japan can be seen as a two-edged sword, offering solutions to labor shortages but requiring careful management to ensure social harmony.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What are the potential challenges and benefits of Japan’s approach to immigration and integration of foreign workers?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further into the complexities of immigration and integration in Japan. Consider how Japan’s unique culture and social norms impact the experience of foreign workers. What measures could Japan take to enhance the integration process for these individuals? Discuss the role of government policies, community support, and workplace environments in fostering a welcoming atmosphere for immigrants. Additionally, consider how Japan’s approach compares with those of other countries facing similar demographic challenges. What lessons could be learned or shared in managing immigration and integration effectively?

Lesson 58　　 Okinawa

Topic Question：How has the island of Okinawa managed to preserve its unique culture and traditions?

No. 1: 　Introduction　－Try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide feedback on vocabulary, grammar, and expression.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Okinawa, Japan’s southernmost prefecture, has managed to preserve its unique culture and traditions through a combination of geographical isolation, a strong sense of community, and dedicated efforts to keep local customs alive. Despite the influences of Japanese and American cultures, Okinawa retains a distinct identity evident in its language, cuisine, music, dance, and festivals. The Ryukyu Kingdom’s legacy, with its own royal court and cultural practices, continues to be a source of pride and cultural expression among Okinawans today.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Geographical isolation (地理的孤立, chiri-teki koritsu): Separation from other populations due to physical barriers or significant distances.

“Geographical isolation has played a crucial role in preserving Okinawa’s unique cultural and biological diversity.”

2. Customs (習慣, shūkan): Traditional practices or behaviors of a particular society or community.

“Okinawan customs, such as the Eisa dance, are celebrated and practiced with great enthusiasm during local festivals.”

3. Legacy (遺産, isan): Something handed down from the past, as from an ancestor or predecessor.

“The legacy of the Ryukyu Kingdom is evident in Okinawa’s architectural, linguistic, and cultural heritage.”

4. Distinct (独特の, dokutoku no): Recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type.

“Okinawa’s distinct culture sets it apart from the rest of Japan, showcasing its unique history and traditions.”

5. Pride (誇り, hokori): A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one’s own achievements, the achievements of those with whom one is closely associated, or from qualities or possessions that are widely admired.

“The people of Okinawa take great pride in their island’s resilience and rich cultural tapestry.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A melting pot” (るつぼ) – A place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc., are mixed together.

“Okinawa is often seen as a melting pot of cultures, where indigenous, Japanese, and American influences merge to create a unique cultural landscape.”

“Despite being a melting pot, Okinawa has managed to preserve its distinctive traditions and identity.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think Okinawa’s unique geographical position has influenced its cultural preservation?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further into Okinawa’s efforts to maintain its cultural heritage. Consider how the local government and communities have implemented programs or festivals to educate both locals and tourists about Okinawan traditions. What role do language and cuisine play in keeping Okinawan culture alive? Additionally, discuss how globalization and modernization pose challenges to cultural preservation in Okinawa and what measures could be taken to address these challenges.

Lesson 57　 Hokkaido

Topic Question： What are the unique features of Hokkaido’s landscape and climate that attract tourists?

No. 1: Introduction－First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, is renowned for its distinct landscape and climate, which differ significantly from the rest of the country. Its unique features include vast wilderness areas, active volcanoes, natural hot springs (onsen), and a cooler climate that supports diverse wildlife and vegetation. The island’s climate, with cold winters and mild summers, makes it a popular destination for both winter sports enthusiasts and summer vacationers seeking respite from Japan’s typically hot and humid summers. Hokkaido’s landscape is a mosaic of mountain ranges, crystal-clear lakes, and extensive national parks, offering breathtaking views and a host of outdoor activities throughout the year.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Wilderness (原野, gen’ya): A wild and uninhabited area left in its natural condition.

“Hokkaido’s wilderness areas are home to spectacular natural beauty, drawing adventurers and nature lovers alike.”

2. Volcano (火山, kazan): A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth’s crust.

“The active volcanoes of Hokkaido, such as Mount Usu and Showa Shinzan, are fascinating natural attractions that offer unique landscapes and hot spring resorts.”

3. Hot Springs (温泉, onsen): A spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity.

“Hokkaido’s numerous hot springs, surrounded by serene nature, provide the perfect relaxation spot after a day of skiing or hiking.”

4. Wildlife (野生動物, yasei doubutsu): Wild animals collectively; the native fauna (and sometimes flora) of a region.

“The diverse wildlife of Hokkaido, including the famous brown bears and red-crowned cranes, adds to the island’s allure for nature enthusiasts.”

5. National Park (国立公園, kokuritsu kōen): A scenic or historically important area of countryside protected by the federal government for the enjoyment of the general public or the preservation of wildlife.

“Shiretoko National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Hokkaido, offers stunning landscapes, abundant wildlife, and outdoor activities like hiking and ice-walking.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A breath of fresh air” (新鮮な息吹) – Something that is refreshing or invigorating.

“Hokkaido’s pristine natural environment provides a breath of fresh air for those escaping the bustling city life.”

“Visiting Hokkaido’s unique landscape and experiencing its cool climate is like a breath of fresh air for tourists looking for an extraordinary adventure.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think Hokkaido’s distinct landscape and climate contribute to its appeal as a tourist destination?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5:　 Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further the attractions of Hokkaido. Consider its unique festivals, such as the Sapporo Snow Festival, and local cuisine, influenced by its climate and geography. How do these cultural elements enhance the experience of visiting Hokkaido? Additionally, discuss the impact of tourism on Hokkaido’s natural environment and how sustainable practices can be promoted to ensure the preservation of its beauty for future generations.

Lesson 56 　　Kyoto

Topic Question:　 What makes Kyoto a must-visit destination for those interested in Japanese history and culture?

No. 1: Introduction　－First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. The instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.Kyoto,

the heart of traditional Japan, stands as a beacon for those fascinated by the country’s rich history and vibrant culture. Once the capital for over a thousand years, its landscape is dotted with ancient temples, shrines, and gardens, each telling its own story of a bygone era. Kyoto’s preservation of traditional arts, including tea ceremonies, ikebana, and geisha performances, offers a deep dive into Japanese aesthetics and values. The city’s ability to maintain its historical essence, while simultaneously embracing modernity, makes it an essential destination for anyone seeking to understand the complexities of Japanese culture and history.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building – 5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings

Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Beacon (灯台, tōdai): A signal light or other device that guides or warns; metaphorically, something that attracts attention to a specific place, activity, or condition.

“Kyoto serves as a beacon for those eager to explore Japan’s historical and cultural treasures.”

2. Preservation (保存, hozon): The act of maintaining something in its original or existing state.

“The preservation of Kyoto’s traditional houses and tea shops offers a window into the past.”

3. Aesthetics (美学, bigaku): A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.

“Japanese aesthetics, focusing on simplicity and nature, are vividly displayed in Kyoto’s gardens and temples.”

4. Essence (本質, honshitsu): The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character.

“The essence of Kyoto lies in its ability to blend tradition with modernity.”

5. Complexities (複雑さ, fukuzatsusa): The state of being complex; intricacy.

“Understanding the complexities of Japanese culture is made easier through experiencing Kyoto’s festivals and daily rituals.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“A picture is worth a thousand words” (一画千言) – Suggesting that a complex idea can be conveyed with just a single picture, or that an image conveys its meaning or essence more effectively than a description does.

“Visiting Kyoto’s historic sites, where each structure and garden tells its own story, truly embodies the idea that a picture is worth a thousand words.”

“In the context of Kyoto, experiencing its beauty firsthand is like viewing a living picture, conveying the depth of Japanese history and culture more effectively than words alone.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do you think Kyoto has managed to maintain its historical identity despite the pressures of modernization?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5:　 Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore further into Kyoto’s role as a custodian of Japanese culture and history. How do events like the Gion Matsuri embody the city’s cultural heritage? Consider the impact of seasonal changes on Kyoto’s landscape and how they influence local customs and festivals. Additionally, discuss how Kyoto’s approach to preserving its historical sites while promoting tourism can serve as a model for cultural preservation worldwide. How are new generations in Kyoto and broader Japan engaging with traditional practices in the digital age?

Lesson 55　 Seasonal Sales and Festivals

Topic Question:　 How do seasonal sales and festivals in Japan offer unique shopping experiences?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, seasonal sales and festivals not only reflect the country’s rich culture and traditions but also offer unique and exciting shopping experiences. These events are characterized by their limited-time offers, special discounts, and exclusive merchandise that attract both locals and tourists alike. For example, New Year sales, known as “Fukubukuro,” involve stores selling mystery bags filled with unknown items at significantly reduced prices. Similarly, seasonal festivals like Sakura (cherry blossom) festivals in spring or Autumn Leaf festivals in fall feature stalls selling themed goods, local foods, and crafts that celebrate the beauty of the season. These shopping experiences are further enhanced by the festive atmosphere, with decorations, traditional music, and performances, making them a must-visit for anyone looking to immerse themselves in Japanese culture and find unique items.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Fukubukuro (福袋): A Japanese New Year custom where merchants make grab bags filled with unknown random contents and sell them for a substantial discount.

“The excitement of opening a fukubukuro is unparalleled, as it offers shoppers the thrill of surprise along with great value.”

2. Themed goods (テーマ商品, tēma shōhin): Products that are designed around a particular theme or concept.

“Seasonal festivals often feature stalls with themed goods, from sakura-patterned items in spring to autumn leaf decorations in fall.”

3. Crafts (工芸品, kōgeihin): Items made by hand, which may be functional or decorative.

“Local crafts sold during festivals offer a glimpse into the region’s cultural heritage and artisanal skills.”

4. Festive atmosphere (祭りの雰囲気, matsuri no fun’iki): The lively and celebratory mood associated with festivals and special occasions.

“The festive atmosphere at these events makes shopping an enjoyable and memorable experience.”

5. Unique items (ユニークなアイテム, yunīku na aitemu): Products that are distinctive and not commonly found elsewhere.

“Tourists flock to seasonal sales and festivals in Japan in search of unique items that serve as souvenirs and gifts.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Once in a blue moon” – This phrase refers to an event that happens very rarely.

“Finding such unique items outside of Japan’s seasonal sales and festivals happens only once in a blue moon.”

“Seasonal festivals offer the opportunity to purchase rare crafts and goods that are available only once in a blue moon.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these seasonal sales and festivals contribute to the local economy and tourism in Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore how the tradition of seasonal sales and festivals has evolved in Japan. How have modern trends and international influences shaped these events? Discuss the balance between commercialization and the preservation of tradition in these festivals. Additionally, consider the role of digital marketing and online sales in promoting these events, especially in reaching a global audience. How can Japan continue to offer unique shopping experiences that attract tourists while ensuring the sustainability and cultural integrity of these festivals? What future trends might we expect in the landsca

Lesson 54 　　Drugstores for Tourists

Topic Question: 　Why are Japanese drugstores so popular among tourists, and what are some recommended products?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japanese drugstores are a magnet for tourists, thanks to their wide range of high-quality, innovative, and often unique products. From skincare and cosmetics to over-the-counter medicines, snacks, and household items, these stores offer an extensive selection that caters to both local and international needs. The popularity of these drugstores among tourists is attributed to the reliability of Japanese products, which are known for their effectiveness, attention to detail, and packaging. Additionally, many products available in Japanese drugstores are exclusive to Japan, making them perfect souvenirs. The allure also lies in the shopping experience itself, which is characterized by clean, organized spaces, helpful staff, and the thrill of discovering new products. Some recommended products to look out for include Japanese sunscreen, beauty masks, green tea products, and unique snacks that offer a taste of Japanese innovation and quality.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Innovative (革新的な, kakushintekina): Featuring new methods; advanced and original.

“Japanese drugstores are known for their innovative products, especially in skincare and cosmetics.”

2. Reliability (信頼性, shinraisei): The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well.

“The reliability of products found in Japanese drugstores is a major draw for international tourists.”

3. Exclusive (独占的な, dokusentekina): Restricted to the person, group, or area concerned.

“Many health and beauty products are exclusive to Japan, making them unique souvenirs for tourists.”

4. Souvenirs (お土産, omiyage): Things that are bought or kept to remind you of a place, person, or event.

“Tourists often seek out exclusive drugstore finds as souvenirs to remember their trip by.”

5. Discover (発見する, hakken suru): Find something or someone unexpectedly or in the course of a search.

“The joy of discovering new and unique products is a big part of the appeal of Japanese drugstores.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Hidden gems” – This phrase refers to something which is extremely outstanding and not many people may know about.

“Japanese drugstores are full of hidden gems, from cutting-edge beauty products to unique health items.”

“Tourists often find hidden gems in the aisles of Japanese drugstores, products that become staples upon returning home.”

No. 4:　 Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: What makes Japanese drugstores different from those in other countries? Have you discovered any hidden gems during your visits?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s talk about personal experiences and discoveries in Japanese drugstores. What products were you most surprised by or have come to love? Discuss how these products reflect aspects of Japanese culture and innovation. Additionally, consider how the popularity of Japanese drugstores among tourists impacts local businesses and product offerings. How do you think the trend of shopping at Japanese drugstores will evolve, and what new product categories might emerge as favorites among international visitors? Share tips on navigating drugstores for first-time visitors to Japan.

Lesson 53　　Must-Buy Items for Tourists

Topic Question: 　What are some must-buy items for foreign tourists visiting Japan?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Japan offers a rich tapestry of items that capture the essence of its culture, technology, and artistry, making it a paradise for shoppers. For foreign tourists, there are several must-buy items that range from traditional crafts to cutting-edge electronics. Japanese snacks, like matcha-flavored KitKats and Pocky, offer a taste of Japan’s unique flavors. Traditional crafts such as kimonos, yukatas, and intricate pottery pieces embody the country’s rich cultural heritage. High-quality skincare products from brands like Shiseido and SK-II are sought after for their excellence. Additionally, Japan’s advanced technology makes gadgets and electronics a top choice for tourists. Stationery enthusiasts will find a wide variety of meticulously designed items, including fountain pens and washi tape. Collectibles such as anime figurines and manga are also popular among fans of Japanese pop culture. These items not only serve as souvenirs but also as bridges between cultures, allowing tourists to bring a piece of Japan back home.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Crafts (工芸品, kōgeihin): Objects made by hand, often with traditional methods.

“Japanese crafts, such as pottery and calligraphy tools, are celebrated for their beauty and craftsmanship.”

2. Skincare (スキンケア): The range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions.

“Japan is renowned for its high-quality skincare products, incorporating advanced technology and natural ingredients.”

3. Gadgets (ガジェット): Small mechanical or electronic devices or tools, especially an ingenious or novel one.

“The latest gadgets from Japan often feature cutting-edge technology that is not yet available elsewhere.”

4. Stationery (文房具, bunbōgu): Materials used for writing, office work, or schoolwork, such as paper, pens, and envelopes.

“Japanese stationery is known for its quality, innovation, and aesthetic design, appealing to artists and professionals alike.”

5. Collectibles (コレクタブル): Items worth collecting because they are interesting, valuable, or rare.

“Anime figurines and limited-edition manga are among the collectibles that tourists seek out in Japan.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A taste of home” – This phrase refers to something that reminds someone of their home country or the comfort of home.

“Japanese snacks provide a ‘taste of home’ for many visitors, reminding them of their travels long after they’ve returned.”

“Bringing back traditional Japanese crafts can give one’s home a ‘taste of home,’ infusing it with the essence of Japanese culture.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How do these must-buy items reflect the diversity and innovation of Japanese culture? Which items do you think offer the most authentic experience of Japan?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore how the popularity of certain items among tourists has impacted local industries and cultural preservation in Japan. Discuss the balance between commercialization and the preservation of traditional crafts. Additionally, consider how global interest in Japanese products has influenced international perceptions of Japan. What are some emerging trends in souvenirs and must-buy items from Japan? Share personal experiences or items you or someone you know has brought back from Japan, and discuss their significance.

Lesson 52　　 iconic films of Akira Kurosawa

Topic Question: 　What are some iconic films by Akira Kurosawa, and why are they important in world cinema?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

Akira Kurosawa, one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema, has left an indelible mark on both Japanese and world cinema. His films, known for their epic storytelling, innovative techniques, and deep humanism, have inspired generations of filmmakers and audiences worldwide. Some of his most iconic films include “Seven Samurai,” “Rashomon,” and “Ikiru.” “Seven Samurai” is celebrated for its groundbreaking narrative structure and dynamic character development, influencing countless films and genres, including the Western remake, “The Magnificent Seven.” “Rashomon,” famous for its innovative use of multiple perspectives to tell a single story, challenged audiences’ perception of truth and reality, inspiring the term “Rashomon effect” in popular culture. “Ikiru,” a poignant exploration of the meaning of life, showcases Kurosawa’s mastery in portraying complex human emotions. Through these and other works, Kurosawa has contributed significantly to the art of filmmaking, earning a place in the pantheon of cinema’s greatest directors.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Epic (叙事詩的, jojishiteki): Grand in scale and scope, often involving heroism and adventure.

“Kurosawa’s ‘Seven Samurai’ is an epic tale of bravery and honor.”

2. Innovative (革新的, kakushinteki): Featuring new methods; advanced and original.

“‘Rashomon’s innovative narrative technique has influenced filmmakers around the world.”

3. Humanism (人文主義, jinbun shugi): An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.

“Kurosawa’s films are deeply rooted in humanism, exploring the complexities of the human condition.”

4. Dynamic (ダイナミック, dainamikku): Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.

“The dynamic character development in ‘Seven Samurai’ engages the audience throughout the film.”

5. Poignant (心を打つ, kokoro o utsu): Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.

“‘Ikiru’ is a poignant study of life’s meaning, demonstrating Kurosawa’s emotional depth.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences

“Push the envelope” – To go beyond the limits of what is normally done or considered acceptable.

“Akira Kurosawa was known to push the envelope with his cinematic techniques, setting new standards for filmmakers.”

“Through ‘Rashomon,’ Kurosawa pushed the envelope in narrative storytelling, changing how stories could be told in cinema.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How have Kurosawa’s films influenced modern filmmaking, both in Japan and internationally? Can you identify elements in contemporary films that reflect his influence?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the themes and techniques that are characteristic of Kurosawa’s filmmaking style. How do these elements contribute to the timelessness of his work? Discuss the cultural and historical contexts of his films and their relevance today. Additionally, consider the global reception of Kurosawa’s films. How have they been interpreted and appreciated by audiences and critics outside of Japan? What lessons can current and future filmmakers learn from Akira Kurosawa’s approach to cinema? How does his legacy continue to shape the film industry worldwide?

Lesson 51　　Health Insurance

Topic Question: 　How do health insurance premiums work in Japan, and how are they calculated?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, health insurance premiums are a fundamental part of the healthcare system, which is divided into two main types: Employee Health Insurance for salaried workers and National Health Insurance for self-employed, unemployed, or retired individuals. Premiums are calculated based on several factors, including income, age, and the number of dependents, ensuring that contributions are fair and reflective of one’s ability to pay. For Employee Health Insurance, premiums are typically split evenly between the employer and employee and are based on the employee’s salary. In contrast, National Health Insurance premiums are determined by the individual’s income, residence tax, and the specific municipality’s policies, with adjustments for household size and income levels. This system aims to balance the financial sustainability of healthcare services with accessibility and affordability for all residents.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Premiums (保険料, hokenryō): The amount paid for insurance coverage.

“Health insurance premiums in Japan are essential for maintaining the universal healthcare system.”

2. Employee Health Insurance (健康保険, kenkō hoken): Insurance for people who are employed, with premiums shared between the employer and employee.

“Employee Health Insurance premiums are deducted directly from salaries, ensuring continuous coverage.”

3. National Health Insurance (国民健康保険, kokumin kenkō hoken): A system for those not covered by Employee Health Insurance, such as the self-employed or retirees.

“National Health Insurance premiums are calculated annually and can vary based on several factors including income and family size.”

4. Dependents (扶養家族, fuyō kazoku): Family members who rely on another family member for financial support.

“The number of dependents affects the calculation of health insurance premiums in Japan.”

5. Sustainability (持続可能性, jizoku kanōsei): The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

“The calculation of premiums is crucial for the sustainability of Japan’s health insurance system.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“Spread the cost” – This phrase refers to distributing the financial burden across a wider base to make it more manageable for each contributor.

“In Japan, health insurance premiums ‘spread the cost’ of healthcare across the population, making it affordable for everyone.”

“By ‘spreading the cost,’ the health insurance system in Japan ensures that no one is burdened with unmanageable healthcare expenses.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How does the system of calculating premiums in Japan ensure equitable access to healthcare? Are there any potential areas for improvement?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the challenges and benefits of Japan’s health insurance premium system. How does this system compare with those in other countries, and what lessons might be learned? Discuss the impact of demographic changes, such as aging populations, on the sustainability of health insurance funding. Additionally, consider the role of technology and policy reforms in enhancing the efficiency and fairness of premium calculations. How might changes in employment patterns, such as the increase in freelance and part-time work, affect health insurance coverage and premiums in the future? What strategies could be employed to adapt the health insurance system to these evolving economic and social trends?

Lesson 50　　 Chronic Diseases

Topic Question: 　Can you discuss the prevalence and treatment of chronic diseases in Japan?

No. 1: 　Introduction–　 First, try answering the question yourself.
The instructor will provide advice on vocabulary, grammar, and expression corrections.

Sample Answer – Let’s read aloud. Instructor will check your pronunciation and accent.

In Japan, the prevalence of chronic diseases has been rising, largely due to the aging population and lifestyle changes. Major chronic conditions include heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes, with cancer being the leading cause of death. Despite these challenges, Japan’s healthcare system, known for its efficiency and universal coverage, plays a crucial role in the management and treatment of these diseases. The system emphasizes early detection and regular check-ups, with screening programs for cancer and other chronic diseases widely available. Treatment approaches in Japan often incorporate a blend of modern medical practices and traditional methods, such as dietary modifications and the use of herbal medicines. Additionally, public health initiatives focus on promoting healthy lifestyles, including regular exercise and balanced nutrition, to prevent the onset of chronic diseases. The government also supports research and development in medical technology and pharmaceuticals to advance treatment options.

No. 2: 　Vocabulary Building－　5 Words to Learn and Their Meanings
Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Prevalence (普及率, fukyūritsu): The proportion of a population found to have a condition.

“The prevalence of chronic diseases in Japan is increasing, posing a challenge to public health.”

2. Screening programs (検診プログラム, kenshin puroguramu): Health care services that check for diseases before there are any symptoms.

“Japan offers extensive screening programs for early detection of cancer and other chronic conditions.”

3. Lifestyle changes (生活習慣の変更, seikatsu shūkan no henkō): Modifications to daily habits and behaviors to improve health.

“Adopting lifestyle changes is a key strategy in managing chronic diseases in Japan.”

4. Herbal medicines (漢方薬, kanpōyaku): Medicines made from plants, used in traditional medical practices.

“Herbal medicines often complement conventional treatments for chronic diseases in Japan.”

5. Public health initiatives (公衆衛生イニシアチブ, kōshū eisei inishiachibu): Programs and policies designed to improve health and prevent disease across a population.

“Japan’s public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases through education and prevention strategies.”

No. 3: 　Key Idiom and Example Sentences
“A stitch in time saves nine” – This phrase means that solving a problem early will prevent it from becoming much bigger.

“Early detection through screening programs, a stitch in time, is crucial in managing chronic diseases effectively in Japan.”

“Public health initiatives promote lifestyle changes as a stitch in time to save nine, preventing chronic diseases before they develop.”

No. 4: 　Discussion and Exchange of Opinions on the Sample Answer
Instructor: How effective do you think Japan’s approach to chronic diseases is, especially considering its aging population? Are there areas for improvement?

Student: [Opinions of students]

No. 5: 　Free Discussion on the Topic
Let’s explore the impact of cultural factors on the treatment and perception of chronic diseases in Japan. How do traditional beliefs and practices influence healthcare choices? Discuss the role of technology and innovation in treating chronic diseases, considering Japan’s position as a leader in technological advancement. Additionally, consider the social and economic implications of a rising prevalence of chronic diseases. How does this trend affect healthcare costs, insurance, and the overall economy? What strategies could be implemented to better address the challenges posed by chronic diseases in Japan and globally?