| TOEFL ライティング Task 1 パッセージの読み方
Integrated Writingの問題は、「レクチャーの内容を要約することと、
それがどのようにリーディングの内容と関連しているかを述べること」です。
実際はこのように英語で出題されます。
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt specific points made in the reading passage.
和訳
「聞いた講義のポイントを、それがリーディングの内容に対し、どのように異議を唱えたかを説明しながらまとめなさい」
パッセージを読んだ後で聞くレクチャーは、基本的に、「パッセージの裏付け理由に
異議を唱え、矛盾点を提示する」という形式なので、パッセージを読む際は、
レクチャーを理解するための準備であることを強く意識して読むようにしてください。
そして、書き手の主張とその裏付け理由3つを確実に押さえてメモを取るようにしてください。
パッセージでは通常、以下のように書き手の主張とそれを裏付ける3つの理由が展開されます。
| パッセージの展開 ＝ Note-Taking =
1. 書き手の主張
↓
2. 裏付け理由 １
↓
3. 裏付け理由 2
↓
4. 裏付け理由 3
それでは実際のパッセージを3分で読んで展開をまとめてみましょう
Directions: Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage
A recent study reveals that people, especially young people, are reading far less literature-novels, plays, and poems-than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself.While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits. Unfortunately, missing out on the benefits of literature is not the only problem. What are people reading instead? Consider the prevalence of self-help books on lists of best sellers. These are usually superficial, poorly written, and intellectually undemanding. Additionally, instead of sitting down with a challenging novel, many persons are now more likely to turn on the television, watch a music video, or read a Web page. Clearly, diverting time previously spent in reading literature to trivial forms of entertainment has lowered the level of culture in general. The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature is being written. There are many talented writers today, but they lack an audience. This fact is bound to lead publishers to invest less in literature and so support fewer serious writers. Thus, the writing as well as the reading of literature is likely to decline because of the poor standards of today’s readers.
パッセージのポイント
ポイント１
The passage argues that reading less literature means that readers are missing out on ways to stimulate their imagination and help with their mental development.
ポイント２
The passage argues that many of the kinds of reading that people currently spend time on instead of literature are just trivial entertainment and lead to lower cultural standards.
ポイント３
The passage says that another bad effect of the decline in reading literature is that talented writers of literature are not being supported.
